蒜suan苔tai貯zhu藏zang中zhong發fa生sheng的de病bing害hai,大da體ti上shang可ke分fen為wei生sheng理li損sun傷shang和he病bing菌jun侵qin染ran兩liang類lei。前qian者zhe主zhu要yao是shi因yin為wei貯zhu藏zang期qi間jian的de氣qi體ti成cheng分fen等deng因yin素su不bu適shi所suo致zhi,後hou者zhe為wei微wei生sheng物wu侵qin入ru引yin起qi。發fa生sheng生sheng理li損sun傷shang的de蒜suan苔tai其qi生sheng理li生sheng化hua過guo程cheng發fa生sheng障zhang礙ai,代dai謝xie紊wen亂luan,抗kang病bing力li大da大da降jiang低di,致zhi病bing微wei生sheng物wu極ji易yi侵qin入ru。微wei生sheng物wu的de繁fan殖zhi生sheng長chang又you會hui破po壞huai氣qi體ti組zu成cheng,造zao成cheng生sheng理li損sun傷shang。二er者zhe相xiang互hu關guan聯lian,相xiang互hu影ying響xiang,蒜suan苔tai貯zhu藏zang中zhong的de黴mei變bian腐fu爛lan多duo發fa生sheng在zai貯zhu藏zang中zhong後hou期qi,這zhe是shi因yin為wei隨sui著zhe貯zhu藏zang期qi的de延yan長chang,蒜suan苔tai逐zhu漸jian衰shuai老lao,抗kang病bing力li減jian弱ruo,灰hui黴mei等deng病bing菌jun繁fan殖zhi生sheng長chang,發fa生sheng黴mei變bian。若ruo貯zhu藏zang管guan理li措cuo施shi不bu當dang,會hui加jia速su衰shuai老lao進jin程cheng,產chan生sheng生sheng理li損sun傷shang,導dao致zhi貯zhu藏zang中zhong後hou期qi腐fu爛lan黴mei變bian加jia重zhong。控kong製zhi蒜suan台tai貯zhu藏zang中zhong後hou期qi黴mei變bian腐fu爛lan,應ying從cong以yi下xia幾ji方fang麵mian著zhe手shou。
1、摘好庫房消毒。蒜苔入庫前應對庫房進行徹底消毒,以清除往年留存的病原菌。
2、嚴把入貯質量關,盡量減少帶病帶菌蒜苔入庫。蒜苔收購前應對蒜苔產地進行調查,確保高質量的蒜苔入庫。
3、蒜suan苔tai防fang黴mei保bao鮮xian煙yan劑ji熏xun蒸zheng。針zhen對dui貯zhu藏zang中zhong後hou期qi引yin起qi蒜suan苔tai黴mei變bian病bing原yuan菌jun特te性xing的de研yan究jiu,科ke研yan人ren員yuan開kai發fa出chu了le效xiao果guo良liang好hao的de蒜suan苔tai防fang黴mei保bao鮮xian煙yan劑ji,建jian議yi蒜suan苔tai冷leng藏zang企qi業ye在zai加jia強qiang綜zong合he貯zhu藏zang管guan理li的de基ji礎chu上shang,應ying用yong防fang黴mei保bao鮮xian煙yan劑ji熏xun蒸zheng。
4、加強貯期綜合管理,保持最佳貯藏條件。隻有這樣,才能延緩蒜苔的衰老,減少各種生理損傷(如CO2中毒),保持蒜苔健康的機體,抵抗各種病菌的侵入。
總之,防治蒜苔貯藏中後期的黴變,應著重從清除病原,確保蒜苔入貯質量、保持最佳貯藏條件、防黴保鮮煙劑熏蒸等方麵考慮。措施不應單一,綜合防治才為上策。
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