鮮甘薯的體積大、含水量多,組織細嫩、皮薄,容易破皮受傷,又易受冷、怕熱、怕幹、怕濕、怕pa悶men,如ru果guo管guan理li不bu好hao,很hen容rong易yi出chu現xian爛lan窖jiao現xian象xiang。因yin此ci,要yao保bao管guan好hao甘gan薯shu,使shi之zhi安an全quan貯zhu藏zang,保bao證zheng其qi不bu爛lan或huo少shao爛lan是shi至zhi關guan重zhong要yao的de。因yin此ci,在zai貯zhu藏zang期qi間jian應ying注zhu意yi加jia強qiang貯zhu藏zang管guan理li。
首先要把好入窖消毒關:甘薯在貯藏期間的主要病害是軟腐病 黑斑病和莖線蟲病,其次為鐮刀菌幹腐病、青黴病等。發病原因是:薯塊感染病菌、拐子帶菌或病窖傳染等。薯塊受凍害、淹yan害hai或huo缺que氧yang時shi,常chang發fa生sheng軟ruan腐fu病bing。黑hei斑ban病bing菌jun在zai貯zhu藏zang初chu期qi氣qi溫wen較jiao高gao時shi發fa病bing較jiao重zhong。因yin此ci,入ru窖jiao前qian嚴yan格ge精jing選xuan不bu帶dai病bing害hai的de薯shu塊kuai和he薯shu窖jiao消xiao毒du非fei常chang重zhong要yao。薯shu窖jiao消xiao毒du一yi般ban按an每mei立li方fang米mi體ti積ji用yong硫liu磺huang50g,點燃,封閉窖門、窗,熏蒸3天3夜,也可在入窖前用2%福爾馬林或1%~2%硫酸銅噴灑消毒;為了預防病害,甘薯在入窖前可用50%代森銨稀釋 200~300倍,或50%甲基托布津,或25%多菌靈稀釋500~1 000倍浸薯lOmin,晾幹入窖可防黑斑病。對莖線蟲病嚴重的甘薯,收壟後,三壟合一壟,在田間用稀釋400~500倍辛硫磷噴灑薯塊,然後晾幹貯藏,對殺死薯塊表麵線蟲有良好的效果。
其次要做好窖溫控製關:在10℃以下時,薯塊的細胞原生質活動停滯,生理機能受到影響,因而發生冷害。當溫度在-2℃shi,shukuaineibuxibaojianxijiebing,qizuzhibeipohuai,yinerfashengdonghai。shoulenghaihuodonghaideshukuaiyouyushenglizuoyongfanchang,xinchendaixieshoudaopohuai,zhishishukuaidezhuzangxinghekangbinglijiangdi,yinerrongyishoubingjunqinran,zaochenglanjiao。zaizhuzangchuqi,qiwenjiaogao,changchuxianhuxigaofeng,shuduineishuiqiduo,shiduda,yinerzaishukuaibiaomianhuichuxianjieluxianxiang,fashengshijiao。
甘薯在貯藏期間部分澱粉被轉化成糖,造成澱粉的損失。甘薯貯藏一個冬季後,其澱粉含量的降低占總含量的20%左(zuo)右(you)。用(yong)貯(zhu)藏(zang)時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長(chang)的(de)甘(gan)薯(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)澱(dian)粉(fen)時(shi),澱(dian)粉(fen)的(de)產(chan)率(lv)將(jiang)下(xia)降(jiang)。因(yin)此(ci),若(ruo)用(yong)甘(gan)薯(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)澱(dian)粉(fen),除(chu)將(jiang)其(qi)少(shao)部(bu)分(fen)鮮(xian)存(cun)以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)廠(chang)的(de)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)加(jia)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)外(wai),通(tong)常(chang)都(dou)要(yao)將(jiang)新(xin)鮮(xian)甘(gan)薯(shu)切(qie)片(pian)曬(shai)幹(gan)後(hou)貯(zhu)藏(zang),這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)甘(gan)薯(shu)腐(fu)爛(lan)以(yi)及(ji)澱(dian)粉(fen)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)糖(tang)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)損(sun)失(shi)。
手機版




