目前我國北方貯藏大白菜,多以堆藏、埋藏、窖藏為主,雖然方法簡單,成本低廉,但損耗過大,貯期有限。若用冷庫貯藏,由於濕度、溫度等條件適合,貯期可以大大延長,而且損耗小,上市菜的品質也好。對大白菜進行貯藏時,最適貯藏溫度為0℃,相對濕度在98%RH以上;結球白菜最佳的貯藏條件為0℃,相對濕度95-100%RH,約可儲存1.5~2個月。采收時受傷的白菜及病葉必須去除,儲存環境中不可有乙烯存在,在1%的低氧儲存時可以延長其儲存期限。
muqianzhuzangdabaicaizhuyaocaiyongtongfengkuzhuzanghejiaozang,yeyouluodiduifanghuomaizangde。danbulunnazhongzhuzangjunhuichanshengfulanyutuobangxianxiang。fulanshiyouyuweishengwudeqinranyinqide,yuanyinyouer,yishitianjiandaibing,ershiwenshidubudang。yincizaizhuzangshibixujinxingyangetiaoxuan,tichubingzhu,jishigaishanzhuzangtiaojian,baochikongqiliutong,jiaqiangxiaodufangfucuoshilaiyizhiweishengwuhuodong。ertuibangshishenglixianxiang,shiyegenjibuxingchengleliceng。tayuzhuzangdetiaojianmiqiexiangguan,ruguobawendujiangdidaozuyijianruohuxiqiangdudeshuipingshang,zehuijianshaotuobang。yinci,jianshaotuobang,kongzhiwenduyouweizhongyao。zongzhi,zhuzangdabaicaibixuzhuyiwendu、濕度、通風三者的有機結合。菜場在采用“人字形”pengjiazhuzangshi,keliyongwubiankongdihuoshuiniwupingdingtaipushangyidingdenitu,dinghaoduiduodeweizhi,fangxiangweixiangbeixiang,lashengdingjie,wachenglongzi,erbiankaigou。longzhijianliuxia2尺距離的空間作為走道和水溝之用。用竹竿或樹棍紮成“人字形”架子,在架子底部用竹竿(或樹條)紮成二排托架,然後把挑選好的大白菜放在托架大白菜堆好後,在堆樁上需有遮羞,以防雨淋、雪xue打da,並bing可ke保bao暖nuan。複fu蓋gai材cai料liao與yu菜cai棵ke之zhi間jian,用yong竹zhu竿gan或huo小xiao樹shu條tiao紮zha成cheng小xiao架jia子zi隔ge開kai,既ji可ke避bi免mian複fu蓋gai物wu上shang的de水shui汽qi耙pa在zai菜cai上shang發fa生sheng腐fu爛lan變bian質zhi,還hai可ke通tong風feng換huan氣qi。堆dui子zi兩liang頭tou用yong草cao包bao或huo草cao簾lian紮zha門men,以yi便bian開kai關guan通tong風feng和he檢jian查zha質zhi量liang。要yao做zuo到dao溫wen度du、溫度、通風三者有機的結合,加強管理是關鍵。冬季以防寒、防霜、防雨、防雪為重點。溫度一般保持在0~26℃之間為最佳.相對濕度在85~90%較為適宜。若氣溫下降刮-3℃以下,會使大白菜受凍而腐爛變質,應及時關好兩頭堆門,以防凍壞。連續下雨、下雪時,要及時清除積雪,排去積水和中午開門通氣,以防濕度過高而造成菜的腐爛變質。立春後應以防雨.防暖為主,若氣溫升到3℃以上時,白天應開門通風,晚上關門防寒。如果溫度升到l0℃以(yi)上(shang)時(shi),夜(ye)晚(wan)將(jiang)門(men)開(kai)大(da),讓(rang)涼(liang)風(feng)吹(chui)進(jin),既(ji)調(tiao)節(jie)了(le)溫(wen)濕(shi)度(du),又(you)使(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)新(xin)鮮(xian),減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)菌(jun)繁(fan)殖(zhi)。批(pi)發(fa)及(ji)零(ling)售(shou)菜(cai)場(chang)還(hai)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)懸(xuan)掛(gua)貯(zhu)藏(zang),即(ji)將(jiang)每(mei)棵(ke)菜(cai)根(gen)留(liu)一(yi)寸(cun)半(ban)左(zuo)右(you),用(yong)麻(ma)線(xian)或(huo)鉛(qian)絲(si)分(fen)棵(ke)串(chuan)根(gen)部(bu)結(jie)好(hao),桂(gui)在(zai)庫(ku)房(fang)的(de)梁(liang)上(shang)或(huo)木(mu)架(jia)上(shang)。這(zhe)樣(yang)空(kong)氣(qi)流(liu)通(tong),受(shou)溫(wen)度(du)、濕shi度du和he細xi菌jun傳chuan染ran的de影ying響xiang較jiao小xiao但dan由you於yu空kong氣qi流liu暢chang,水shui分fen易yi蒸zheng發fa,為wei避bi免mian枝zhi葉ye的de水shui分fen擴kuo散san迅xun速su,可ke在zai每mei梯ti菜cai外wai從cong根gen往wang下xia套tao一yi袋dai子zi,袋dai口kou鬆song紮zha即ji可ke,這zhe樣yang對dui調tiao節jie溫wen濕shi度du和he通tong氣qi還hai有you一yi定ding的de作zuo用yong。
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