一、貯存前幹燥。食用菌的幹燥主要是去除細胞間的遊離水。為了便於貯藏,一般要求幹品的水分控製在10-13%。采cai用yong自zi然ran幹gan燥zao或huo人ren工gong幹gan燥zao的de方fang法fa,其qi幹gan燥zao過guo程cheng是shi物wu料liao中zhong水shui分fen汽qi化hua的de過guo程cheng,即ji水shui分fen子zi吸xi收shou能neng量liang從cong液ye態tai變bian為wei汽qi態tai。人ren工gong幹gan燥zao主zhu要yao是shi對dui流liu幹gan燥zao,所suo需xu熱re量liang是shi通tong過guo空kong氣qi或huo加jia熱re幹gan氣qi流liu的de連lian續xu或huo間jian歇xie接jie觸chu而er獲huo得de,同tong時shi依yi靠kao這zhe些xie氣qi流liu帶dai走zou物wu體ti中zhong蒸zheng發fa出chu來lai的de水shui分fen,達da到dao物wu料liao幹gan燥zao的de目mu的de。應ying該gai注zhu意yi的de是shi食shi用yong菌jun幹gan燥zao過guo度du後hou,幹gan品pin的de含han水shui量liang過guo低di則ze硬ying脆cui,容rong易yi被bei擠ji壓ya破po碎sui,影ying響xiang外wai觀guan質zhi量liang。
二、包(bao)裝(zhuang)。食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)幹(gan)品(pin)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)是(shi)貯(zhu)藏(zang)養(yang)護(hu)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)條(tiao)件(jian),它(ta)要(yao)求(qiu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)幹(gan)燥(zao),封(feng)口(kou)嚴(yan)密(mi),耐(nai)壓(ya),防(fang)潮(chao),隔(ge)濕(shi),使(shi)幹(gan)品(pin)能(neng)避(bi)免(mian)受(shou)外(wai)界(jie)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)食(shi)品(pin)塑(su)料(liao)薄(bo)膜(mo)袋(dai)抽(chou)氣(qi)密(mi)封(feng)(或防潮紙)包bao裝zhuang,外wai用yong木mu箱xiang或huo多duo層ceng瓦wa紙zhi箱xiang包bao裝zhuang,箱xiang外wai接jie縫feng處chu用yong膠jiao帶dai紙zhi封feng嚴yan。對dui價jia值zhi昂ang貴gui的de食shi用yong菌jun幹gan品pin可ke采cai用yong馬ma口kou鐵tie箱xiang,內nei襯chen防fang潮chao紙zhi,封feng口kou用yong焊han或huo膠jiao密mi封feng的de方fang法fa,可ke保bao持chi較jiao長chang時shi間jian,但dan包bao裝zhuang價jia格ge高gao。
三、貯存
1、科學堆碼:在貯存中應輕搬輕放,切忌亂摔、亂堆碼,以2-2.5米高為宜。垛頂距天花板不少於80厘米,垛堆距牆壁30厘米。並留有空隙和走道,垛底可墊木樁通風防潮。
2、庫房管理:在商品入庫前或出完貯存品後,要對庫房或設備、器具進行消毒。可用硫磺 燃燒熏蒸消毒,或用福爾馬林噴灑消毒。堅決杜絕已經發生黴腐或含水量過高有黴腐危險性的商品入庫。
3、三防:食用菌幹品的貯藏必須做到"三防",即防潮、防黴、防蟲。由於幹品極易吸濕返潮,應嚴格控製相對濕度在50-70%fanweinei,xiangneikefangxiaodaibaozhuangshengshihuihuoganzaojixichao。ganpinshouchaohouhuibianruan,ranhoufare,yinqimeibian,fashengchongzhu,daozhiyanzhongbianzhi。shiyongjunganpinjiagongshi,yuanliaoyaotiaoxuanhao,tichufulanbianzhidexianjun,jishicaishoujishijiagong,yibaozhengzhiliang。duimeijun、害蟲也可采用化學藥劑殺滅,如磷化鋁、二硫化碳等,但要嚴格掌握劑量,必須慎用。
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