一、原料選擇
保鮮香菇的加工,首先要注意原料新鮮度,這是決定保鮮香菇成品質量的重要因素。原料要新鮮,色澤要正常;其次,菇朵形態要完整、圓正,菇柄要完好無缺,菇體要保持自然生長時的優美形態;菇肉要肥厚,菇蓋邊緣要內卷整齊,菌膜末破或微開,未開傘;菇蓋直徑不小於38毫米;無病蟲害、異味和泥土雜質。
二、原料處理和冷藏
shouxianyaojinxingyuanliaoyulengyupaishi。weibaochiyuanliaolianghaodexinxianduheseze,xiangucaizhaihouyaojishijinrulengkuyulengjiangwen。genjushebeixingnenghexianguhanshuiliang,zhangwoshiyideyulengwenduheshidutuoshuilv,tongguoyulengpaishi,dadaochukouyaoqiu。ruguocaiyonggufenglengquefangshi,balengkuwendukongzhizai1℃-3℃之間,鮮菇中心溫度為2℃-4℃,使鮮菇含水量降至75%-80%。在常溫下,不宜采用通風陰涼排濕或攤曬於陽光下排濕的方法。
qici,yuanliaodefenjiyujingxuan。genjuwaimaokehudeyaoqiu,tongchangangugaizhijingdaxiaoyongbaitiezhichengdefenjishaijinxingshaifenhuorengongmucejinxingfenxuan。fenjitongchangcaiyongsanjizhi:大級菇(L)菇蓋直徑在55毫米以上,中級菇(M)菇蓋直徑在45-55毫米之間;小級菇(S)菇蓋直徑在38-45毫米之間。在進行原料分級的同時,應剔除破損的、脫柄的、變色的、有斑點的、畸形的及不合格的次劣菇,選好後應及時入庫冷藏。有條件的地區可在冷庫中進行分級和揀選,以確保鮮菇的良好質量。
再(zai)次(ci),進(jin)行(xing)冷(leng)藏(zang)保(bao)鮮(xian)。冷(leng)藏(zang)期(qi)間(jian),冷(leng)藏(zang)庫(ku)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)高(gao)低(di)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)鮮(xian)菇(gu)成(cheng)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang),因(yin)此(ci),冷(leng)藏(zang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)冷(leng)藏(zang)庫(ku)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)極(ji)為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。若(ruo)冷(leng)藏(zang)庫(ku)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)於(yu)5℃,鮮菇仍可繼續進行新陳代謝,致使鮮菇鮮度降低、組織老化、終至開傘;冷藏溫度如果低於0℃,鮮菇易受凍害,菇體質地軟化,終至發生水漬狀腐爛變質,甚至不能食用。因此,冷藏期間的冷藏溫度,必須嚴格控製在1℃-3℃之間。
三、包裝與運輸
保bao鮮xian香xiang菇gu的de包bao裝zhuang不bu同tong於yu其qi他ta產chan品pin的de包bao裝zhuang。為wei了le保bao證zheng鮮xian菇gu質zhi量liang,包bao裝zhuang材cai料liao及ji容rong器qi除chu了le必bi須xu衛wei生sheng無wu毒du性xing外wai,還hai應ying隔ge熱re不bu透tou氣qi,不bu受shou外wai界jie環huan境jing影ying響xiang,在zai一yi定ding時shi間jian內nei有you較jiao強qiang的de保bao冷leng性xing能neng,並bing能neng使shi鮮xian菇gu處chu於yu良liang好hao的de低di溫wen狀zhuang態tai。
保(bao)鮮(xian)香(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器(qi)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)泡(pao)沫(mo)塑(su)料(liao)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)成(cheng)的(de)有(you)蓋(gai)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)塑(su)料(liao)箱(xiang),箱(xiang)蓋(gai)四(si)周(zhou)有(you)隆(long)起(qi)脊(ji),與(yu)箱(xiang)口(kou)保(bao)持(chi)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)吻(wen)合(he)。裝(zhuang)菇(gu)畢(bi),箱(xiang)口(kou)四(si)周(zhou)再(zai)用(yong)透(tou)明(ming)膠(jiao)紙(zhi)帶(dai)黏(nian)住(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)。
鮮菇包裝必須在清潔衛生、無異味、氣溫不高於3℃dediwenfangjianjinxing。baozhuangyongjujigongzuorenyuandezhifuyaobaochiqingjieweisheng,dingqixiaodu。feigongzuorenyuanbuderenyichurubaozhuangchangsuo,yifangkuwenshangshenghechuandaibingjunzawuwuranchanpin。
包裝必須在確定出口日期前進行。首先剪短鮮菇菇柄,留長約25limi,bianjianbingbianbaozhuang,ruoguozaojiangubing,gubingjiankouhuiyanghuahebianyingxiangwaiguan。xianguyongsuliaobomodaizhuangsheng,daineizhuangrutongjixianggu,chouzhenkonghouzaizhuangdaopaomosuliaoxiangzhong,xiangkounianhemifengbingtaoshangshuangwalengzhixiang,zhixiangkoujianianjiaozhidai。
yeyoucaiyongxiaobaozhuangzhuangshengxianggudeqingkuang。xiaobaozhuangtongchangcaiyongpaomosuliaodaizhichengxiaotuopan,meipanzhuangrudexianguzhengqipailie,youdejunzhechaowai,waimianbaoguoshangyicengbaoxianbomomifengbutouqihuochouchengzhenkong,ranhouzhuangruzhixiang,xiangkoujianianjiaozhidai。baozhuangwanbi,zuohaobiaoji,daiyun。
baoxianxianggubaozhuanghouyaojishichuyun,congchandiyunzhukouandechukouxiangu,bixucaiyonglengzangcheyunsongbingyangekongzhihaolengzangwendu,fangzhiwenduhuisheng,yiquebaoxianguzhiliang。
四、生產中應注意的幾個問題
保bao鮮xian香xiang菇gu大da部bu分fen屬shu於yu人ren工gong栽zai培pei的de木mu屑xie香xiang菇gu而er不bu是shi原yuan木mu栽zai培pei的de香xiang菇gu。生sheng產chan中zhong為wei了le抑yi製zhi雜za菌jun發fa生sheng危wei害hai,通tong常chang采cai用yong多duo菌jun靈ling或huo其qi他ta殺sha菌jun劑ji拌ban入ru栽zai培pei香xiang菇gu的de營ying養yang料liao進jin行xing防fang黴mei、殺(sha)菌(jun),用(yong)量(liang)應(ying)嚴(yan)格(ge)限(xian)製(zhi)在(zai)最(zui)低(di)對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)安(an)全(quan)的(de)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)。香(xiang)菇(gu)栽(zai)培(pei)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),每(mei)天(tian)必(bi)須(xu)噴(pen)灑(sa)大(da)量(liang)水(shui)。水(shui)質(zhi)必(bi)須(xu)清(qing)淨(jing),不(bu)得(de)帶(dai)有(you)對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)有(you)害(hai)的(de)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)及(ji)金(jin)屬(shu)物(wu)質(zhi),以(yi)確(que)保(bao)鮮(xian)菇(gu)清(qing)潔(jie)衛(wei)生(sheng)。香(xiang)菇(gu)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)菇(gu)類(lei)一(yi)樣(yang),菇(gu)體(ti)含(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)水(shui)分(fen),—般都在90%以上。為保持成品質量,縮短排濕時間,鮮菇采摘前一天要嚴禁噴水。
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