zuohongbeideshihoune,xuyaoduimianfendezhuduoxingzhijinxingkaoliang,zheqizhongzuizhongyaodejiushidanbaizhidehanliang,yijidianfenzhongleizheliangxiang。xianshuodanbaizhi,womentongchangsuoshuodegaojinfen,yijidijinfendezhuyaoqubiejiuzaizhelile。fankainijiamianfendechengfenbiao,kandanbaizhiyilan,ruguoshibaifenzhishijide,duobanshigaojinfen,ruguoshibaifenzhiqibadeyangzi,najiushidijinfenley。就這渺小的百分之幾的蛋白質含量差異,對麵團性能的影響是決定性的。
烘(hong)焙(bei)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)共(gong)性(xing),要(yao)麼(me)蓬(peng)鬆(song),要(yao)麼(me)酥(su)脆(cui)。這(zhe)些(xie)特(te)性(xing)的(de)來(lai)源(yuan),主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)於(yu)多(duo)數(shu)的(de)烘(hong)焙(bei)食(shi)品(pin),在(zai)製(zhi)作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)是(shi)要(yao)讓(rang)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)充(chong)填(tian)一(yi)定(ding)量(liang)的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)。關(guan)鍵(jian)就(jiu)在(zai)於(yu)這(zhe)個(ge)氣(qi)體(ti)是(shi)怎(zen)麼(me)搞(gao)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)。
麵包:為什麼麵包要用高筋粉呢?
麵mian包bao的de氣qi體ti來lai自zi於yu發fa酵jiao。在zai製zhi作zuo麵mian包bao的de麵mian團tuan時shi,首shou先xian要yao進jin行xing充chong分fen的de攪jiao拌ban,意yi義yi就jiu在zai於yu使shi得de小xiao麥mai蛋dan白bai通tong過guo二er硫liu鍵jian結jie合he,形xing成cheng更geng大da的de整zheng體ti,也ye就jiu是shi常chang說shuo的de麵mian筋jin。這zhe個ge攪jiao拌ban要yao充chong分fen到dao什shen麼me程cheng度du呢ne?用yong和he麵mian機ji,通tong常chang需xu要yao攪jiao拌ban幾ji十shi分fen鍾zhong,而er手shou工gong則ze有you時shi甚shen至zhi需xu要yao超chao過guo一yi個ge小xiao時shi,這zhe也ye就jiu是shi為wei啥sha很hen多duo時shi候hou在zai家jia裏li不bu容rong易yi做zuo出chu好hao麵mian包bao,多duo半ban是shi攪jiao拌ban不bu到dao位wei。使shi用yong高gao筋jin粉fen時shi,由you於yu蛋dan白bai質zhi的de含han量liang較jiao高gao,麵mian筋jin產chan生sheng相xiang對dui容rong易yi。
zaijiexialaifajiaodeguochengzhong,jiaomujunchanshengdeqitibeijuyoujigaoyanzhanxingdemianjinbaoguozhu,xingchengyigegedexiaoqishi。hongbeikaishihou,zhelimiandeqitikaishipengzhang,zuizhong,wendudadaoyidingzhiyihou,danbaizhibianxingdianfenhuhua,bazhegexiaoqishigudinglexialai。
對dui於yu麵mian包bao來lai說shuo,高gao筋jin粉fen可ke以yi讓rang麵mian包bao更geng有you彈dan性xing,更geng蓬peng鬆song。有you的de麵mian包bao會hui加jia入ru一yi定ding比bi例li的de低di粉fen,則ze正zheng是shi因yin為wei有you些xie麵mian包bao不bu需xu要yao那na麼me蓬peng鬆song,或huo者zhe想xiang要yao讓rang麵mian包bao的de彈dan性xing變bian弱ruo(容易咬)。
對dui於yu全quan麥mai粉fen,這zhe裏li單dan獨du講jiang一yi下xia。基ji本ben沒mei可ke能neng隻zhi用yong全quan麥mai粉fen做zuo麵mian包bao的de,因yin為wei全quan麥mai粉fen難nan以yi形xing成cheng麵mian筋jin。一yi般ban的de能neng夠gou買mai到dao的de全quan麥mai麵mian包bao都dou隻zhi是shi在zai高gao筋jin粉fen中zhong添tian加jia了le一yi小xiao部bu分fen全quan麥mai粉fen。所suo以yi全quan麥mai從cong宣xuan傳chuan角jiao度du來lai說shuo基ji本ben就jiu是shi個ge噱xue頭tou。
蛋糕:為什麼蛋糕就通常用低粉呢?(注:此處僅指戚風蛋糕,海綿蛋糕,天使蛋糕)
因為大多數蛋糕中的氣體來自於攪拌本身。蛋糕(不含重油蛋糕)的de製zhi作zuo通tong常chang要yao對dui全quan蛋dan液ye或huo者zhe蛋dan白bai液ye首shou先xian進jin行xing充chong分fen的de攪jiao拌ban,產chan生sheng充chong足zu的de氣qi泡pao。攪jiao拌ban過guo程cheng中zhong,蛋dan液ye中zhong的de蛋dan白bai質zhi發fa生sheng了le部bu分fen變bian性xing,表biao麵mian張zhang力li也ye有you所suo改gai變bian,形xing成cheng了le比bi較jiao結jie實shi的de膜mo包bao裹guo住zhu了le攪jiao拌ban的de空kong氣qi。蛋dan糕gao中zhong加jia入ru的de麵mian粉fen最zui終zhong被bei混hun合he在zai這zhe一yi個ge泡pao沫mo結jie構gou當dang中zhong,在zai被bei加jia熱re以yi後hou形xing成cheng一yi個ge支zhi撐cheng結jie構gou,並bing不bu參can與yu包bao裹guo空kong氣qi。
好奇的小朋友可能會問,那這個時候為什麼不用麵筋來包裹空氣呢?因yin為wei蛋dan糕gao都dou是shi在zai攪jiao拌ban充chong填tian氣qi體ti之zhi後hou才cai加jia的de麵mian粉fen,在zai能neng攪jiao拌ban形xing成cheng足zu夠gou的de麵mian筋jin之zhi前qian,蛋dan液ye的de氣qi泡pao早zao就jiu破po裂lie光guang了le。蛋dan糕gao的de製zhi做zuo要yao求qiu攪jiao拌ban盡jin量liang少shao,以yi盡jin量liang避bi免mian麵mian筋jin的de形xing成cheng,因yin為wei麵mian筋jin網wang絡luo具ju有you較jiao高gao的de彈dan性xing,反fan而er會hui限xian製zhi烘hong焙bei中zhong膨peng脹zhang的de蛋dan糕gao。直zhi觀guan來lai說shuo,如ru果guo嚐chang試shi用yong高gao筋jin粉fen做zuo蛋dan糕gao,那na麼me做zuo出chu來lai多duo半ban是shi小xiao小xiao的de,並bing且qie不bu鬆song軟ruan。
在蛋糕製作中加入澱粉,主要是為了降低麵粉中蛋白質含量的比例,讓成品更鬆軟。
曲奇:曲奇的氣體來源則與以上二者都不一樣。
曲qu奇qi製zhi作zuo過guo程cheng中zhong,通tong常chang要yao對dui半ban軟ruan的de黃huang油you進jin行xing打da發fa,或huo者zhe是shi在zai麵mian粉fen中zhong加jia入ru泡pao打da粉fen等deng蓬peng鬆song劑ji。曲qu奇qi的de酥su脆cui的de根gen本ben是shi高gao比bi例li的de脂zhi肪fang,較jiao低di的de水shui分fen。此ci二er者zhe都dou幹gan擾rao了le麵mian筋jin的de形xing成cheng。
烘烤過程中,曲奇烘烤得比蛋糕或者麵包都要充分(因為較薄的原因),絕大多數的水分在烘烤中流失了。而此時麵團中缺乏較強的麵筋結構,故而會十分酥脆。
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