一、生長條件
大蔥生長的溫度範圍為7~35℃,19~25℃quanzhuzhongliangzengchangzuikuai。taduishuifenyaoqiushinaihanbunailao,congyebaoshuiliqiang,shuifenxiaohaoshao。duiguangzhaoyaoqiubuyange,zhiyaozhizhuzaidiwentiaojianxiatongguochunhua,bulunchangrizhaohuoduanrizhaodoukechoutaikaihua。duiturangshiyingxingguang,danyitucengshenhou、排水良好、富含有機質的壤土為最好。適宜的土壤酸堿度為pH7.0~7.4。
二、需肥特點
大蔥比較喜肥,與其它蔬菜一樣,對氮素的反應很敏感,施用氮肥有明顯的增產效果。大蔥生長盛期吸收氮的量要高於鉀(1:0.9),而進入葉鞘充實期,對鉀的吸收量要比氮高(1∶1.2)。每667平方米生產3000kg大蔥,需吸收氮8~10kg,磷1.5~1.8kg,鉀為9~11kg。dacongduilindeyaoqiuyiyoumiaoqizuimingan,miaoqiquelinshihuiyanzhongyingxiangdacongdezuizhongchanliang,ruguomiaoqilingongyingchongzu,jishidingzhihoulinsubuzu,zaihouqicaiquzhuifeicuoshi,rengkequdejiaogaodechanliang。zaicongbaixingchengqiyingjiaqiangjiafeideshiyong。chudan、磷、鉀外,鈣、鎂、硼和錳,對大蔥的生長也有一定的影響。在三要素滿足供應的情況下,增施鈣、錳和硼和效果最為顯著,表現為蔥白長而粗,產量高。
三、施肥技術
定植
dingzhidixuanzehaohouyaoshizujifei,shifeifangfashifeiliaoyongshierding。shuliangduoshikequanmiansashi,shaoshiyishizaidingzhigoudiceng,yifushuhuobanfushuyoujifeiweizhu。yibanmei667平方米菜田施質量好的腐熟廄肥5000~8000kg。含磷少的土壤每667平方米施過磷酸鈣25kg、草木灰150kg或硫酸鉀8~10kg。
定植後
定ding植zhi後hou蔥cong苗miao生sheng長chang緩huan慢man,當dang渡du過guo雨yu季ji後hou,天tian氣qi逐zhu漸jian轉zhuan涼liang,蔥cong株zhu進jin入ru旺wang盛sheng生sheng長chang期qi,老lao葉ye逐zhu漸jian枯ku黃huang,新xin葉ye不bu斷duan發fa生sheng。在zai具ju備bei良liang好hao的de營ying養yang狀zhuang況kuang和he黑hei暗an的de條tiao件jian,可ke以yi促cu使shi多duo發fa葉ye和he葉ye鞘qiao的de生sheng長chang。立li秋qiu以yi後hou立li即ji追zhui肥fei,並bing要yao掌zhang握wo好hao有you機ji肥fei料liao與yu速su效xiao化hua肥fei的de配pei合he施shi用yong。每mei一yi次ci追zhui肥fei,每mei667平方米施土雜肥4000kg於壟背上,或施用餅肥150kg或炕洞土3000kg,施後隨即淺鋤1次,並澆水1次。過15天左右追第二次肥,澆施人糞尿750kg,或撒施草木灰100kg、腐殖酸銨30kg、過磷酸鈣30kg,施肥後結合深鋤,進行培土,隨即澆水。再過25~30天進行第三次追肥,每667平方米追施氮素化肥15~25kg,追肥後澆水、培pei土tu,此ci時shi蔥cong白bai迅xun速su增zeng重zhong而er充chong實shi,直zhi至zhi收shou獲huo。如ru果guo土tu壤rang肥fei力li較jiao高gao,底di肥fei充chong足zu,可ke不bu進jin行xing第di一yi次ci追zhui肥fei。生sheng長chang期qi較jiao短duan和he土tu壤rang保bao肥fei力li好hao的de地di區qu,可ke免mian去qu第di三san次ci追zhui肥fei。
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