柚(you)類(lei)果(guo)實(shi)貯(zhu)藏(zang)期(qi)的(de)長(chang)短(duan),一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)決(jue)定(ding)於(yu)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)耐(nai)貯(zhu)性(xing)和(he)抗(kang)病(bing)性(xing),而(er)另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)還(hai)受(shou)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)果(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)理(li)代(dai)謝(xie)和(he)病(bing)菌(jun)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)外(wai)界(jie)環(huan)境(jing)因(yin)素(su)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),即(ji)溫(wen)度(du)、濕度、空氣的組成等的影響。
(一)溫度
溫度直接影響果實呼吸強度和病菌的繁殖生長速度。在一定範圍內,果實的呼吸強度隨溫度升高而增大。據報道,柑橘類果實當溫度由012上升到1012時,果實的呼吸強度增加4倍以上,在5~3512的範圍內,溫度每升高1012,果實的呼吸強度增加2~2.5bei。huxiqiangduyuda,yingyangwuxiaohaoyukuai,guoshiyuyishuailao。bingjundeshengchangfanzhisuduyesuiwendudeshenggaoerjiakuai,wenduyugao,guoshifulanyuduo。changwenzhuzangdeguoshi,meiniankaichunhou,youyukuwenzhujianshenggao,guoshifulanmingxianzengduo,pinzhixiajiangyejiakuai,shuominglewenduzhijieyingxiangzheguoshidezhuzangshouminghepinzhi。guojingzaizhuzangqiduiwenduyaoqiudegaohuodi,shiguoshizaishengchangfayujieduanchangqixingchengdepinzhongtexingsuozhi。jubaodao,putaoyouzhuzangzaijiejinbingdiandediwenxia,huichanshenglenghai(a.c.purvis,1989)。ben yehoshua等認為馬敘葡萄柚不發生低溫傷害的最低溫度是1012。
根據國外不同學者對葡萄柚貯藏溫度條件的研究結果,以及國內對柚類的研究,筆者認為柚類果實適宜的貯藏溫度為1012左右。
(二)濕度
guoshizhuzangzhongdegankuyukongqishiduhekongqiliusuyoumiqieguanxi。youleiguoshigangcaixiashi,guopidexiangduishiduxianbaohezhuangtai,ruguokongqizhongdeshidudiyuguopishidu,guopilideshuifenbiranchanshengzhengtengzuoyong,guoshijiuhuichuxiannianwei。zhegezhengtengzuoyongdesuduyukongqishidudebaohecha、溫度、kongqiliusuchengzhengxiangguan。guopinianweihuixueruoguoshidekangbingxinghenaizhuxing,tongshihuishiyuanguojiaofenjie,guoshidepinzhiliebian,bingyingxiangguoshidexinchendaixie,shenzhidaozhimouxieguoshihebanbingdechansheng。danshi,kongqishiduguogaoyehuiyinqibuliangdehouguo,yinweiguogaoshiduhuicujinzhenjundengweishengwuwangshengfayushengchang,yinqiguoshifulan。tongshi,zaixuanzeshidushibixuyangedikaolvqitawaijietiaojian,tongchangrenwei,zaidiwendetiaojianxia,guoshizhuzangkeyizaibijiaogaodexiangduishidutiaojianxiajinxing;相反,在較高的溫度條件下,應當保持相對較低的空氣濕度。日本的經驗是,溫度為3~612時,相對濕度80%~85%最有利,在比較低的溫度條件下,空氣濕度可以保持在90%。benyehoshua等(1982)報道,馬敘葡萄柚在相對濕度為85%~90%,溫度1012條件下,獲得較好的貯藏效果。王日葵認為,柚類果實貯藏環境中相對濕度85%~90%是適宜的。
薄膜單果包裝貯藏技術在柚類貯藏保鮮中的應用,大大降低了空氣相對濕度對果實貯藏保鮮效果的影響。
(三)空氣成分
youleiguoshizhuzanghuanjingzhong,chulewenduhexiangduishiduwai,kongqidezuchengyeduiguoshidezhuzangxiaoguochanshengjiaodadeyingxiang。yangshiguoshijinxingzhengchangshengminghuodongbukequeshaodetiaojian,zaiyangchongzudeqingkuangxia,guoshijinxingzhengchangdeyouyanghuxi;若ruo氧yang不bu足zu,則ze發fa生sheng缺que氧yang呼hu吸xi,影ying響xiang代dai謝xie活huo動dong,產chan生sheng對dui果guo實shi有you害hai的de乙yi醇chun。適shi當dang降jiang低di空kong氣qi中zhong氧yang含han量liang或huo增zeng加jia二er氧yang化hua碳tan含han量liang,能neng抑yi製zhi果guo實shi的de呼hu吸xi作zuo用yong,有you利li於yu保bao持chi果guo實shi品pin質zhi。柚you類lei果guo實shi對dui二er氧yang化hua碳tan較jiao敏min感gan,如ru二er氧yang化hua碳tan在zai貯zhu藏zang環huan境jing中zhong含han量liang過guo高gao,會hui導dao致zhi果guo實shi二er氧yang化hua碳tan損sun傷shang。據ju報bao道dao,柚you類lei果guo實shi貯zhu藏zang環huan境jing中zhong,二er氧yang化hua碳tan含han量liang低di於yu4%,氧氣含量高於10%,貯藏是安全的。在常溫貯藏環境中,二氧化碳含量2%~4%,氧含量 17%~19%,對柚類果實貯藏是適宜的。
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