鐵tie是shi植zhi物wu葉ye綠lv素su的de重zhong要yao組zu成cheng物wu質zhi,同tong時shi參can與yu葡pu萄tao體ti內nei一yi係xi列lie代dai謝xie活huo動dong。葡pu萄tao對dui鐵tie元yuan素su反fan應ying十shi分fen敏min感gan,鹽yan堿jian地di葡pu萄tao園yuan常chang常chang發fa生sheng的de黃huang化hua病bing就jiu與yu缺que鐵tie密mi切qie有you關guan。
(1)葡萄缺鐵症狀 葡(pu)萄(tao)缺(que)鐵(tie)主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)是(shi)幼(you)葉(ye)失(shi)綠(lv),病(bing)株(zhu)上(shang)葉(ye)片(pian)除(chu)葉(ye)脈(mai)保(bao)持(chi)綠(lv)色(se)外(wai),葉(ye)麵(mian)全(quan)麵(mian)黃(huang)化(hua),而(er)這(zhe)時(shi)老(lao)葉(ye)仍(reng)為(wei)綠(lv)色(se),這(zhe)是(shi)缺(que)鐵(tie)症(zheng)的(de)特(te)有(you)表(biao)現(xian)。缺(que)鐵(tie)嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)葉(ye)麵(mian)呈(cheng)現(xian)象(xiang)牙(ya)色(se),甚(shen)至(zhi)變(bian)為(wei)褐(he)色(se)形(xing)成(cheng)葉(ye)片(pian)壞(huai)死(si),而(er)這(zhe)時(shi)花(hua)序(xu)也(ye)變(bian)為(wei)淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se),花(hua)蕾(lei)脫(tuo)落(luo),坐(zuo)果(guo)率(lv)嚴(yan)重(zhong)下(xia)降(jiang)。葡(pu)萄(tao)缺(que)鐵(tie)和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)ph及通氣狀況密切有關。ph過高(鹽堿土)時,土壤中鐵元素常轉化為根係不能吸收利用的不溶性鐵(這時土壤分析並不表現缺鐵,但土壤中的鐵不能被植物利用),土壤過分黏重、guangaishuipianjianxingshiyehuichuxianleisixianxiang。yinci,quetiezhengdefangzhiyiyaobuchongtie,eryaozhuyigailiangturang,cujinturangzhongtiezhuanhuaweikeliyongzhuangtai。butongpinzhongduiquetiedeminganxingbutong,qizhongyioumeizajiaozhongpinzhongrujufeng、京亞、藤撚等對鐵的缺乏最為敏感,最易發生缺鐵性黃化。
(2)缺鐵症的防治 ①重視葡萄園土壤改良,增施有機肥,深耕改土,防止土壤鹽堿化和過分黏重。②葉麵噴施0.2%硫酸亞鐵溶液,生長前期7-10天噴1次,連續噴3-4次。為了增強葡萄葉片對鐵的吸收,噴施硫酸亞鐵時可加入少量食醋和0.3%尿素液,對促進葉片對鐵的吸收、利用和轉綠有良好的作用。
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