葡萄采收後到落葉之前,是容易被人們忽視的一個關鍵管理時期。這一階段,葉片光合作用會出現第2次高峰(第1次在發芽以後半個月到葉片長大期),daojiejinluoyeqicaixunsuxiajiang。yinci,bixuzhongshicaihouzheyiguanjianshiqi,jiaqiangguanli,baoyehuye,zengjiaguanghechanwudezhucun。ruguohushihouqishutideguanli,jianghuidaozhiyepianguozaosunshang,guanghezuoyongjiangdi,shutizhuzangyingyangkuique,congershilainianzaochunyangfenquefa,fayawanerbuzhengqi,shenzhihuaxutuihua、開花結果減少,少結果或不結果,又易造成第二年枝葉徒長,花芽分化不良,從而影響第3年結果。
一、保護秋葉
采cai收shou後hou保bao護hu葉ye片pian,增zeng強qiang葉ye片pian的de光guang合he能neng力li對dui增zeng加jia樹shu體ti的de貯zhu藏zang養yang分fen有you重zhong要yao作zuo用yong。生sheng長chang後hou期qi,要yao嚴yan格ge控kong製zhi使shi用yong退tui菌jun特te和he硫liu製zhi劑ji農nong藥yao,以yi防fang葉ye片pian過guo早zao老lao化hua和he降jiang低di光guang合he強qiang度du。一yi般ban情qing況kuang下xia,除chu巨ju峰feng係xi品pin種zhong外wai,果guo實shi采cai收shou後hou應ying盡jin量liang少shao用yong或huo不bu用yong打da老lao葉ye。在zai采cai收shou果guo實shi時shi,注zhu意yi減jian少shao對dui葉ye片pian的de損sun傷shang。
二、施肥補養
果實采收後盡早施入基肥,在結果多、樹勢偏弱的情況下可施速效性氮肥,以增強後期葉片光合作用和恢複樹勢。
基ji肥fei秋qiu施shi為wei宜yi,因yin這zhe時shi正zheng值zhi根gen係xi生sheng長chang高gao峰feng期qi,傷shang根gen容rong易yi愈yu合he,切qie斷duan一yi切qie細xi根gen,可ke以yi起qi到dao根gen係xi修xiu剪jian的de作zuo用yong,可ke在zai當dang年nian促cu發fa許xu多duo新xin根gen,翌yi年nian早zao春chun就jiu可ke以yi大da量liang吸xi收shou土tu壤rang中zhong的de養yang分fen物wu質zhi。秋qiu季ji地di上shang部bu新xin生sheng器qi官guan已yi逐zhu漸jian停ting止zhi生sheng長chang,吸xi收shou的de營ying養yang物wu質zhi以yi積ji累lei貯zhu藏zang為wei主zhu,可ke提ti高gao樹shu體ti營ying養yang水shui平ping,有you利li於yu當dang年nian花hua芽ya分fen化hua和he增zeng強qiang越yue冬dong能neng力li、及來年萌芽、花hua芽ya進jin一yi步bu形xing成cheng與yu開kai花hua後hou新xin梢shao早zao期qi生sheng長chang,由you於yu樹shu體ti營ying養yang水shui平ping高gao,花hua芽ya質zhi量liang好hao,可ke提ti高gao坐zuo果guo率lv,促cu進jin幼you果guo細xi胞bao分fen裂lie,單dan果guo內nei細xi胞bao數shu多duo。為wei來lai年nian打da下xia豐feng產chan的de基ji礎chu。基ji肥fei秋qiu施shi時shi間jian應ying結jie合he本ben地di的de氣qi候hou條tiao件jian,9月份為最宜。最遲到10月中旬左右,過晚氣溫下降不利於根部吸收。基肥以有機肥為主,配施磷肥,畝施有機肥(農家肥)3000公斤左右、磷肥50公斤。
三、病蟲害防治
采收後病蟲害防治十分重要,尤其霜黴病、白粉病、chonghaifuchenzihuizaochengquanshuguozaoluoye,poshidongyawanqiumengfa,yanzhongyingxiangshutiyingyangjileihelainianshengchangjieguo,bixushifenzhongshicaihoubinghaifangzhi。yibanzaicaihoudaoluoyeqian,meige10天左右噴1次300倍乙磷鋁或1000倍瑞毒黴,能有效防止霜黴病的發生。用1000倍氧化樂果防治浮塵子。
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