手機版
五、liushisuiyishangdepengyoudoujingliletaiwanjingjidechengchangyuwuzhishenghuodebianqian，yinciwangwangxihuanduihoubeisushuodangnianshenghuoshiruhedekunku，shenpanianqingrenbumingbaizijishiruheconghuannanzhongchengchangde。zaikundunzhongchengchangderen，changyouxie「老」毛病，有些長者看到垃圾箱裏堆滿了瓶瓶罐罐等容器時，常看不慣，發牢騷地說：「想當年我小的時候，如果能夠看到垃圾箱裏有點兒瓶罐，早就搶著撿去換個幾毛零錢，哪會像現代人那麼好命，那麼浪費。」deque，zaiwuzhishenghuojiaojiankundeniandai，shipinbaozhuangrongqisuiranbijiaocucao，danyeshixishaoyuzhenguide。yuangushidai，dangrenmenxuyaorongqilaizhuangshengshipinshi，tongchangcongdaziranzhongquxunzhaohulu、竹結、卷曲的大型葉片或大型貝殼。後來，逐漸有了利用自然資源加工而成的容器，如挖空的木頭、編織的草籃，甚至使用動物的器官，如牛角及胃或用皮革製成容器。大約在八千年前，人類開始懂得製造陶器，可以用來盛裝食物、zhucunshiwu，shenzhizhushushiwu。erhou，taoqichengweishipinbaozhuangrongqidezhuliu。daolesanqiannianqian，youtaociyouyaofazhanerlaideboliwenshi，yezhubufazhanchengrongqi。danshigongyehuashengchanbolirongqizekenengshijinliangbainiancaifashengde。
另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，約(yue)在(zai)兩(liang)千(qian)年(nian)前(qian)，在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)東(dong)漢(han)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，蔡(cai)倫(lun)發(fa)明(ming)了(le)紙(zhi)，也(ye)逐(zhu)漸(jian)用(yong)來(lai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)品(pin)。在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)麵(mian)，則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)遠(yuan)溯(su)至(zhi)青(qing)銅(tong)時(shi)代(dai)，我(wo)們(men)的(de)老(lao)祖(zu)先(xian)就(jiu)懂(dong)得(de)利(li)用(yong)金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)製(zhi)成(cheng)容(rong)器(qi)，裝(zhuang)盛(sheng)食(shi)品(pin)。然(ran)而(er)以(yi)金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)頭(tou)包(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)品(pin)，使(shi)食(shi)物(wu)能(neng)長(chang)久(jiu)貯(zhu)存(cun)，則(ze)起(qi)始(shi)於(yu)約(yue)兩(liang)百(bai)年(nian)前(qian)的(de)英(ying)國(guo)。至(zhi)於(yu)目(mu)前(qian)在(zai)食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)占(zhan)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)地(di)位(wei)的(de)塑(su)料(liao)則(ze)是(shi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)最(zui)年(nian)輕(qing)的(de)一(yi)類(lei)，在(zai)十(shi)九(jiu)世(shi)紀(ji)才(cai)初(chu)露(lu)頭(tou)角(jiao)，而(er)在(zai)50～60年前才開始逐漸發展成為食品包裝容器的主流材料。
zaiwuzhiwenminggaodufazhandejintian，shipinbaozhuangrongqichengweishenghuozhongsuichukejianqiebukehuoquedechanpin。gezhongzhizuojingmei，waiguanyinrenzhumudebaozhuangshipinchenliezaigexingmaichangdehuojiashang，wuhuabamen，changlingrenyanhualiaoluan，zaixiguanchazhexiebaozhuangcailiao，buwaihusuliao、金屬、玻璃、與紙四大類。當然，有一些材料是這四種材料結合而成的複合體，使得食品包裝容器更形多樣化。
塑料包裝容器
塑料包裝材料的興起與人們生活形態的改變息息相關。由於人口的高度成長、liangshibuzudeyalirizeng，shideruheliyongqingbiandebaozhuangfangshilaifangbianshipindezhucunyuyunshu，yijizengjiashipindebaocunqixian，biandefeichangzhongyao。ersuliaobaocaizhenghaokeyimanzuzhexiexuqiu。
suliaobaozhuangcailiaojiujingyongyounaxiexingzhishidetamenzhemehaoyong？yibaneryan，youyusuliaodemidudi，zhongliangbijinshuhuobolidouqinghenduo，zaijiagonghuoshiyongshibijiaoqingbian。suliaoyouhenqiangderenxing，buxiangbolinamerongyiposui，buxiangguantoushoudaoyalishirongyiaoxian，yebuxiangzhinayangrongyibeisilie。xuduosuliaocailiaohenrongyichengxing，shaoweijiarebiankeyishitaruanhua，fuyutayidingxingzhuang，zhiyaozaiwendujiang 低後就可以定型。我們常看到水電工在接塑料水管時，用瓦斯槍稍為加熱一下就可以使塑料管軟化，任人擺布成各種形狀。
許xu多duo塑su料liao遇yu熱re易yi熔rong，使shi得de它ta很hen容rong易yi密mi封feng。在zai許xu多duo商shang店dian都dou可ke以yi看kan到dao店dian員yuan把ba食shi品pin置zhi於yu塑su料liao袋dai中zhong，用yong熱re封feng機ji一yi壓ya就jiu可ke以yi封feng袋dai，十shi分fen方fang便bian。另ling外wai，很hen重zhong要yao的de是shi，現xian在zai的de科ke技ji使shi得de塑su料liao包bao裝zhuang材cai料liao有you很hen好hao的de阻zu隔ge性xing，無wu論lun是shi水shui蒸zheng氣qi或huo氧yang氣qi都dou不bu容rong易yi透tou過guo塑su料liao容rong器qi，因yin此ci可ke以yi延yan長chang貯zhu存cun時shi間jian。
塑料是由許多所謂的「單體」個ge個ge相xiang接jie，聚ju合he而er成cheng的de高gao分fen子zi物wu質zhi。分fen子zi量liang在zai五wu千qian到dao十shi萬wan左zuo右you。有you些xie塑su料liao是shi由you一yi種zhong以yi上shang的de單dan體ti構gou成cheng的de，形xing成cheng所suo謂wei的de共gong聚ju合he物wu，而er能neng有you特te殊shu的de性xing質zhi。常chang用yong於yu食shi品pin包bao裝zhuang容rong器qi的de塑su料liao種zhong類lei很hen多duo，包bao括kuo聚ju乙yi烯xi（polyethylene，PE），聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP），聚氯乙烯（polyvinyl chloride，PVC），聚苯乙烯（polystyrene，PS）等，性質皆不盡相同。就食品包裝容器的需求而言，最重要的性質包括強韌程度、透氧率、透水氣率、熱封性、以(yi)及(ji)耐(nai)熱(re)性(xing)。為(wei)了(le)產(chan)生(sheng)合(he)乎(hu)特(te)殊(shu)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)塑(su)料(liao)包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)，有(you)時(shi)候(hou)會(hui)把(ba)不(bu)同(tong)材(cai)質(zhi)貼(tie)合(he)而(er)成(cheng)所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)積(ji)層(ceng)膜(mo)，使(shi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)質(zhi)更(geng)合(he)乎(hu)需(xu)求(qiu)。
金屬包裝容器
liyongjinshuzhichengguantoulaibaozhuangshipinshiyizhongjiandaneryouxiaodebaocunshipinfangshi。changyongyuzhiguandeliangzhongjinshuweimakoutiepihelv。makoutiepidezhutishitiepi。batiepizhirurongrongdexiyezhong，tongdianerbaxiduzaitiepishangzhichengsuoweidemakoutiepi。weiletigaomakoutiepidenaifushixing，batajiarechuli，shixicengyutiepicengzhijianchanshengxi—鐵合金；然ran後hou再zai使shi用yong鉻ge化hua合he物wu使shi錫xi層ceng上shang形xing成cheng鉻ge氧yang化hua物wu，使shi馬ma口kou鐵tie皮pi不bu易yi被bei氧yang化hua而er變bian質zhi。最zui後hou，為wei了le馬ma口kou鐵tie皮pi的de表biao麵mian潤run滑hua，使shi它ta在zai製zhi造zao罐guan頭tou時shi容rong易yi操cao作zuo，並bing且qie防fang止zhi生sheng鏽xiu，又you塗tu上shangㄧ層很薄的油。
yinci，kansijiandandeguantoutiepiqishijiegouyebushinamedanchun。weilejinyibufangzhishiwuzhongdechengfenzaochengguanbidefushi，makoutiepiyechangtubuyicengtuliao。genjushipindetexing，youyicituqihuoliangcituqi。tuliaoshigaofenzichengfen，ruhuanyangshuzhi、yakelishuzhijijuzhishuzhideng。tuqihoutongchangxujinghongkaoshiqiguding。lvshiyizhongjuyoulianghaoyanzhanxingdejinshu。youyulvyukongqijiechuhouhenrongyizaibiaomianxingchengyicengyanghualvdebomo，yincijuyouhenhaodekangfushixing。danshizheyicengyanghualvbomoyudaolusulizi，rushiyanzhongdelvlizi，yishoudaopohuai，yincizaishiwumianrengxuyaotubuyicenggaofenzibomoyimianshoudaoshiwuzhongchengfendeqinshi。
金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)頭(tou)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)良(liang)好(hao)，可(ke)以(yi)完(wan)整(zheng)保(bao)護(hu)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器(qi)。食(shi)物(wu)放(fang)在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)中(zhong)經(jing)過(guo)封(feng)罐(guan)及(ji)滅(mie)菌(jun)等(deng)程(cheng)序(xu)可(ke)以(yi)儲(chu)放(fang)數(shu)年(nian)而(er)不(bu)會(hui)腐(fu)敗(bai)。但(dan)是(shi)，現(xian)代(dai)人(ren)的(de)飲(yin)食(shi)觀(guan)念(nian)是(shi)以(yi)「新鮮」weizhuliusuqiu，shidefengguangyishidejinshuguantouyouzhujianmeiluodeqingxiang。buguo，wulunruhe，jinshuguantouzaikeyujiandejianglairengranshiyizhongxiangdangzhongyaodeshipinbaozhuangrongqi。
