新《食品安全法》施shi行xing後hou,各ge地di食shi藥yao監jian管guan部bu門men遇yu到dao很hen多duo涉she及ji食shi品pin保bao質zhi期qi的de問wen題ti。由you於yu新xin法fa對dui食shi品pin違wei法fa行xing為wei的de懲cheng處chu力li度du加jia大da,故gu有you必bi要yao對dui保bao質zhi期qi標biao注zhu這zhe一yi關guan鍵jian事shi項xiang進jin行xing審shen視shi與yu探tan討tao。
目前存在的問題是要不要對兩種不同性質的期限加以區別。根據《食品安全法》的定義,食品保質期是指食品在標明的貯存條件下保持品質的期限。食品安全國家標準《預包裝食品標簽通則》(GB7718-2011)中對保質期的定義:yubaozhuangshipinzaibiaoqianzhimingdezhucuntiaojianxia,baochipinzhideqixian。zaiciqixiannei,chanpinwanquanshiyuxiaoshou,bingbaochibiaoqianzhongbubishuominghuoyijingshuomingdeteyoupinzhi。《通則》同時還給出了保質期的標示形式,歸納起來是“保質期”以及“最好在……之前食(飲)用”這兩種。
bizherenwei,zaifalvshang,shipinbaozhiqiyuzuijiashiyongqiyouzhebutongdexianshiyiyi。liangzhedegongtongdian,doushiduishipinsuozuochudechengnuoyushuoming。liangzhedejutineirong,baozhiqishiyouchangjiagenjushipindezishenxingzhi、jingguokexueyanzhenghuopingguerzuochuguanyushipinanquanxingdeshijianchengnuo,shuyushipinshengchanjingyingzheduiyushipinzhiliangdemingshidanbao,biaomingzaiciqixianneishiyushiyonghuozuoweiyuanliaoshiyong。erzuijiashiyongqi,zaiyouxieshipinshangyebeibiaochengweishangweiqi,zheshizhimouyizhidingqixian,zaiciqixianneishipindekougan、風味和新鮮度乃至外觀色澤處於最佳狀態,超過此期限可能會受到影響。
不論在法律層麵還是技術層麵,雖然兩者都是關於“質”的承諾,但其中的量度是不一樣的。前者是關乎食品質量安全的擔保期限,亦是《食品安全法》deqiangzhixingyaoqiu,yidanweifanxuchengdanxiangyingdezeren,yinglijieweibixuzunshoudefalvdixian。erhouzhezeburan,zuijiashiyongqiyongjiaoyangedeyaoqiulaihengliang,xianrangaoyufadingdedixian。xingxiangdishuo,zuijiashiyongqiyufadingbaozhiqizaichanpinzhengtizhiliangquxianzhongchuyubutongdequyu,bingbunengjiandandengtong,zaishipinjianguanzhifazhong,buyingjiangliangzheyuyihunxiao。shijianzhong,guowaideshipinbaozhuangshangkeyikandaoliangzhongtongshichuxian,jiyoubaozhiqiyeyouzuijiashiyong(使用)期,而我國的食品包裝上較少同時出現這兩種標注。
這兩種標注內容,在國際食品法典委員會《預包裝食品標簽食典通用標準》(CODEX STAN 1-1985) 的術語定義中是分別列出的:一是“食用截止期”(建議最後食用日期、有效期)shizhizaiguidingderenyichucuntiaojianxiachanpinkenengjiangbuzaijuyouxiaofeizhetongchangyuqidezhiliangshuxingdegusuanshiduandejiezhiriqi。zaiciriqihou,shipinbuzaishiyuxiaoshou。ershi“最佳食用期是”(此日期前最佳)是shi指zhi在zai規gui定ding的de任ren意yi儲chu存cun條tiao件jian下xia產chan品pin將jiang保bao持chi完wan全quan適shi於yu銷xiao售shou並bing繼ji續xu具ju有you所suo有you默mo示shi或huo明ming示shi的de特te殊shu品pin質zhi的de時shi段duan的de截jie止zhi日ri期qi。超chao過guo此ci日ri期qi,食shi品pin仍reng可ke能neng完wan全quan符fu合he食shi用yong要yao求qiu。由you此ci說shuo明ming,兩liang種zhong標biao注zhu期qi限xian的de性xing質zhi是shi不bu一yi樣yang的de。
該國際標準給出的定義非常科學,區別的關鍵詞在於通常與特殊,我們可以更為通俗地理解為:吃得放心是在保質期內,而吃得更好是在最佳食用期內。法律的功能之一是設定經濟活動與市場交易的底線,按此原則,《食品安全法》對(dui)於(yu)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)應(ying)當(dang)是(shi)前(qian)者(zhe)的(de)期(qi)限(xian)。問(wen)題(ti)出(chu)在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)範(fan)與(yu)法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)範(fan)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)銜(xian)接(jie)環(huan)節(jie)上(shang),雖(sui)然(ran)法(fa)律(lv)禁(jin)止(zhi)銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)過(guo)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)的(de)食(shi)品(pin),但(dan)依(yi)照(zhao)當(dang)前(qian)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)範(fan)的(de)定(ding)義(yi),把(ba)兩(liang)個(ge)期(qi)限(xian)不(bu)加(jia)區(qu)別(bie),若(ruo)禁(jin)止(zhi)銷(xiao)售(shou)過(guo)最(zui)佳(jia)食(shi)用(yong)期(qi)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)則(ze)有(you)違(wei)立(li)法(fa)初(chu)衷(zhong)。
舉例說明,《預包裝食品標簽通則》(GB7718-2011)規定酒精度大於等於10%的de飲yin料liao酒jiu在zai包bao裝zhuang上shang可ke以yi免mian除chu標biao示shi保bao質zhi期qi,那na麼me有you些xie酒jiu類lei廠chang商shang在zai符fu合he上shang述shu條tiao件jian的de酒jiu類lei包bao裝zhuang上shang標biao示shi了le最zui佳jia食shi用yong期qi,一yi旦dan發fa現xian銷xiao售shou商shang在zai過guo此ci期qi限xian後hou仍reng在zai銷xiao售shou,是shi否fou應ying當dang按an過guo保bao質zhi期qi的de食shi品pin予yu以yi處chu罰fa?筆bi者zhe認ren為wei,鑒jian於yu最zui佳jia食shi用yong期qi與yu保bao質zhi期qi的de實shi質zhi區qu別bie,沒mei有you理li由you認ren定ding這zhe些xie酒jiu類lei超chao過guo保bao質zhi期qi。事shi實shi上shang,標biao注zhu最zui佳jia食shi用yong期qi也ye是shi廠chang商shang進jin行xing細xi化hua管guan理li的de結jie果guo,具ju有you商shang業ye價jia值zhi,是shi為wei某mou一yi部bu分fen消xiao費fei者zhe提ti供gong選xuan擇ze參can考kao等deng。但dan此ci時shi對dui於yu食shi品pin監jian管guan部bu門men,從cong維wei護hu執zhi法fa公gong正zheng的de角jiao度du出chu發fa,卻que要yao仔zai細xi斟zhen酌zhuo。
手機版






