其(qi)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)為(wei)異(yi)形(xing)葡(pu)枝(zhi)黴(mei),屬(shu)於(yu)半(ban)知(zhi)菌(jun)類(lei)。其(qi)菌(jun)絲(si)白(bai)色(se),有(you)隔(ge),分(fen)枝(zhi)。分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)梗(geng)直(zhi)立(li),有(you)隔(ge),反(fan)複(fu)輪(lun)狀(zhuang)分(fen)枝(zhi),產(chan)孢(bao)細(xi)胞(bao)近(jin)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing),基(ji)部(bu)寬(kuan),末(mo)端(duan)漸(jian)細(xi),頂(ding)部(bu)鈍(dun)。分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),雙(shuang)孢(bao),少(shao)數(shu)為(wei)單(dan)孢(bao)。培(pei)養(yang)15天後可產生厚壁孢子,呈鏈狀,有的厚壁孢子基部可分叉,基部具透明短柄或長柄。
病害症狀為:染病初期,在菌袋或菌床的培養料表麵出現白色菌絲體,當溫度、濕度條件適宜時擴展速度很快,不久,白色絮狀的菌絲便可覆蓋整個培養料表麵,即病菌的菌絲、fenshengbaozigengjifenshengbaozi。youxiaoguleishougaibingjunbaoweiqinranhou,bunengjixushengchangerchengdanhesesiwang,chengchangdezishitizeyinqijunbingjibuchengdanheseshuizizhuangfulan,bingjunmianxuzhuangqishengjunsikexiangshangkuozhandaojungaichu。junbingjibufulanhoubingzishitidaofu,shangmianchangmanbaisejunsi,wanquanshiqujingjijiazhi,rubujishichuli,bunengzaixingchengzishiti,peiyangliaohuichengshifuzhuangbianzhi。
軟ruan腐fu病bing病bing原yuan菌jun平ping時shi可ke生sheng活huo在zai有you機ji質zhi豐feng富fu的de土tu壤rang中zhong及ji死si亡wang的de有you機ji物wu質zhi上shang。采cai用yong生sheng料liao床chuang栽zai或huo箱xiang栽zai金jin針zhen菇gu時shi,使shi用yong了le不bu清qing潔jie的de水shui拌ban料liao極ji易yi發fa生sheng此ci病bing。熟shu料liao袋dai栽zai或huo瓶ping栽zai時shi,培pei養yang料liao經jing過guo了le滅mie菌jun處chu理li,第di一yi批pi菇gu很hen少shao發fa病bing,第di2-3piguyouyubushuihegufangbaoshipenshuihuokongqizhongpiaofudefenshengbaozichenjiangdaopeiyangliaoshang,zaiqiwenpiangaoheshiduguodayijitongfengbuliangdetiaojianxia,youliyucibingdefasheng,qibinghaiyidanfashenghou,qichuanbodesuduhenkuai。
gaibingjunzaijinzhengujibuqinran,junbingbianhebingfulan。jinerxiangshangfazhanfugaizhenggezishiti,beihaichuchengshuijinzhuangbingzhujianbianchenghesezhuangruanfu。gaibingjunyechangqicunhuoyuturangzhong,yibantongguoqiliu、人體、工具及昆蟲進入菇棚,10℃左右即可發生危害,尤其在初春季節,當氣溫逐漸升高,相對空氣不良時,發生的速度極快,危害也隨之加重。
防治方法:
1:搞好菇房內外的環境衛生和使用未受病菌汙染的清潔水進行拌料及菇房管理用水;
2:出菇盡可能的控製較低的菇房溫度和進行適當通風,防止培養料表麵積水;
3:一旦發生病害時,要及時清除並噴灑1:200倍的"施耳康"藥液,可有效控製軟腐病的蔓延;采用生料栽培時,按每噸幹料加入600毫升(3瓶)"施耳康"的比例拌料。
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