栽培要點:
一、不要土壤,但要細沙:栽培蒜黃不同於韭黃之處在於,韭黃要先在肥沃的土壤中培育收獲一次,然後割去青韭,留著莖根,加罩器皿遮光,並繼續施肥澆水;而培育蒜黃則是用良種蒜頭播種,蒜頭已積藏有豐富的營養分,所以就不一定要有土壤來作培育的基質。
培pei育yu蒜suan黃huang雖sui然ran可ke以yi不bu要yao土tu壤rang,但dan需xu要yao細xi沙sha,以yi便bian播bo種zhong,並bing固gu著zhe蒜suan頭tou,向xiang下xia生sheng根gen,朝chao上shang發fa葉ye。由you於yu這zhe樣yang,蒜suan黃huang的de培pei育yu有you廣guang闊kuo的de空kong間jian,可ke充chong分fen利li用yong空kong地di稍shao加jia設she備bei或huo工gong廠chang現xian有you設she施shi以yi及ji家jia庭ting均jun可ke生sheng產chan蒜suan黃huang。
二、不要陽光,但要通風:生sheng產chan蒜suan黃huang的de原yuan理li就jiu是shi在zai天tian光guang的de小xiao環huan境jing中zhong長chang葉ye,沒mei進jin行xing光guang合he作zuo用yong,因yin此ci葉ye片pian不bu量liang綠lv色se,而er呈cheng美mei麗li的de鵝e黃huang色se,莖jing部bu呈cheng清qing潔jie的de雪xue白bai色se。這zhe樣yang生sheng產chan的de蒜suan黃huang質zhi地di柔rou嫩nen黃huang色se,美mei味wei可ke口kou。
培(pei)育(yu)蒜(suan)黃(huang)雖(sui)然(ran)不(bu)需(xu)陽(yang)光(guang),但(dan)要(yao)通(tong)風(feng)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)較(jiao)高(gao),在(zai)室(shi)內(nei)大(da)量(liang)栽(zai)培(pei)時(shi),容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)熱(re)氣(qi)和(he)殊(shu)臭(chou)氣(qi),因(yin)此(ci)需(xu)要(yao)控(kong)溫(wen)及(ji)通(tong)風(feng)設(she)備(bei),使(shi)室(shi)內(nei)通(tong)風(feng)良(liang)好(hao),形(xing)成(cheng)冷(leng)涼(liang)清(qing)爽(shuang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing),這(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)有(you)利(li)於(yu)蒜(suan)黃(huang)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)。當(dang)氣(qi)溫(wen)低(di)於(yu)15℃時,蒜黃生長受阻,增加保溫設施,明顯能促進生長。
三、不要施肥,但要澆水:上(shang)麵(mian)已(yi)提(ti)到(dao),蒜(suan)黃(huang)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)蒜(suan)頭(tou)自(zi)身(shen)累(lei)積(ji)的(de)豐(feng)富(fu)營(ying)養(yang),提(ti)供(gong)在(zai)無(wu)光(guang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)萌(meng)發(fa)黃(huang)葉(ye)的(de),因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)培(pei)育(yu)蒜(suan)黃(huang)的(de)整(zheng)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)無(wu)需(xu)施(shi)肥(fei)。由(you)於(yu)無(wu)需(xu)施(shi)肥(fei)及(ji)噴(pen)灑(sa)農(nong)藥(yao)這(zhe)一(yi)特(te)點(dian),屬(shu)於(yu)道(dao)地(di)的(de)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)蔬(shu)菜(cai),從(cong)而(er)受(shou)到(dao)廣(guang)大(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)喜(xi)愛(ai)。
培育蒜黃雖然不要施肥,但要澆水。蒜黃本身含水量達91.9%,shengchangguochengxuyaodaliangshuifen,quefashuifen,shengchanghuanmanbingyepiancucao,pinzhijiangdi。yincizaipeiyuguochengyaobaochixishashirun,jingchangjiaoshui,xingchenglengliangqingshuangshirundehuanjing,cujinshengchangchugaopinzhidesuanhuang。shuifenguanlishiyixishashirunweizhun,shapanbudejishui,yinci,zuihaoshicaiqupandijiashuifa,guoduodeshuifennengzidongpaichu。
注意事項:
一、選用良種:個頭大、baomanerchongshidesuanbannengmeicizhijieshengchanchujiaoduodesuanhuang,bingqiehaihuizengjiashougecishu,congerzengjiachanliang。congpinzhifangmianlaishuo,qiyepianyaoqiuchunzhengdeehuangse,jingbuchengguangliangdejiebaise,yepianyouzibandepinzhong,jiangsunhaiwaiguanpinzhi,yingxiangxiaoshou。yinci,zuoweipeiyusuanhuangdezhongsuantouchuleyaoxuanyonggedabaomanchongshideliangzhongwai,haidexuanyongyepianwuzibandepinzhong。taiwanbendidapianheipinzhongjiaohao,erbeisuanpinzhongjiuchangchuxianzisetiaoban。
在味道方麵要選用蒜黃的辛辣味近似原蒜頭的味道,這樣才較符合消費者對蒜辣味濃鬱的需求。
二、低溫處理:每年3-5月為蒜頭收獲期,這時適逢夏季高溫期,常溫在25℃yishang,suanqiuchuyuxiumianzhuangtai,shouhuohoulijibatazuoweibozhongcailiaoshibuhuifayachanghuangyede,suanqiuyaozirandiduguoqiujidelengliangdiwenjieduan,cainengdapoxiumian,yinciyaojiaqiangdiwenchuli,keyicujinmengyachangye。
試驗表明,蒜球在播種前以5℃、10℃和15℃的低溫貯藏處理一個月,第一周的發芽率達到72%-96%,而20℃處理的發芽率才60%,且(qie)未(wei)經(jing)處(chu)理(li)的(de)則(ze)無(wu)一(yi)發(fa)芽(ya),這(zhe)足(zu)已(yi)證(zheng)明(ming)了(le)播(bo)種(zhong)前(qian)行(xing)低(di)溫(wen)處(chu)理(li)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)。經(jing)低(di)溫(wen)處(chu)理(li)過(guo)的(de)蒜(suan)球(qiu)要(yao)立(li)即(ji)播(bo)種(zhong),因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)已(yi)通(tong)過(guo)春(chun)化(hua)階(jie)段(duan),以(yi)防(fang)蒜(suan)苗(miao)老(lao)化(hua)。
三、浸種掰瓣:經低溫處理過的蒜瓣種球,在播種前應在清水中浸6個小時。蒜球源來隻含水67.61%,浸jin種zhong後hou充chong分fen吸xi收shou水shui分fen,這zhe樣yang才cai有you利li萌meng芽ya發fa葉ye,浸jin種zhong蒜suan球qiu應ying及ji時shi播bo種zhong,否fou則ze會hui腐fu爛lan。如ru不bu浸jin種zhong就jiu直zhi接jie播bo種zhong,其qi沙sha盤pan需xu保bao持chi充chong分fen的de溫wen潤run,讓rang種zhong球qiu從cong中zhong吸xi水shui。
浸jin過guo種zhong的de種zhong球qiu,撈lao起qi後hou即ji行xing掰bai瓣ban,把ba大da種zhong球qiu按an其qi結jie構gou自zi外wai而er內nei掰bai成cheng蒜suan瓣ban。掰bai時shi要yao特te別bie注zhu意yi,隻zhi能neng掰bai開kai蒜suan瓣ban,不bu能neng脫tuo掉diao瓣ban膜mo,以yi防fang傷shang及ji蒜suan瓣ban,導dao致zhi腐fu爛lan。單dan個ge的de蒜suan瓣ban可ke以yi播bo種zhong了le。種zhong植zhi盤pan的de底di部bu有you孔kong,上shang鋪pu以yi保bao水shui布bu,再zai鋪pu細xi沙sha,將jiang蒜suan瓣ban呈cheng直zhi立li狀zhuang排pai列lie於yu細xi沙sha中zhong。最zui後hou把ba濕shi潤run的de種zhong植zhi盤pan置zhi於yu通tong風feng的de暗an房fang中zhong。
四、收後管理:蒜瓣播後2-3周,黃化的蒜苗就約能長到30-40厘米,這時即可采收了。第一次收割後約經1-2周可再收一次。蒜黃產量第一次最多,第二次較少,第三次更少,呈趨減狀況。大約一公斤蒜頭可收蒜黃0.8公斤。
首(shou)次(ci)收(shou)割(ge)的(de)蒜(suan)黃(huang)品(pin)種(zhong)最(zui)佳(jia),第(di)二(er)次(ci)收(shou)割(ge)的(de)因(yin)屬(shu)於(yu)再(zai)生(sheng)苗(miao),頂(ding)端(duan)具(ju)切(qie)口(kou),切(qie)口(kou)處(chu)常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)腐(fu)爛(lan)或(huo)幹(gan)枯(ku)狀(zhuang),影(ying)響(xiang)外(wai)觀(guan),出(chu)售(shou)時(shi)需(xu)花(hua)工(gong)整(zheng)修(xiu)。剛(gang)收(shou)獲(huo)的(de)蒜(suan)黃(huang),由(you)於(yu)它(ta)的(de)一(yi)生(sheng)處(chu)於(yu)無(wu)光(guang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong),葉(ye)片(pian)鵝(e)黃(huang),嫩(nen)莖(jing)潔(jie)白(bai),備(bei)受(shou)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)青(qing)睞(lai)。收(shou)後(hou)需(xu)立(li)即(ji)包(bao)裝(zhuang)冷(leng)藏(zang),如(ru)任(ren)意(yi)置(zhi)於(yu)光(guang)線(xian)中(zhong)貯(zhu)藏(zang)、運輸和銷售,會綠化變質,影響品質與外觀。
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