ningmengyuanchanyindu,shuyaredaizhiwu,xingxiwennuanshirundeqihoutiaojian。beifangsuliaodapengneidexiaoqihou,henshiheningmengdeshengchang,suoyibaohudizaipeiningmeng,kehuodejiaogaodechanliang,jingjixiaoyiyexiangdangkeguan。
①生長條件。
檸檬在氣溫10~32℃左右生長最快。在5℃時能安全越冬,經過長期馴化的植株,可耐短時間的-7℃低溫。在北方的冬季,最好保持在5~10℃的de低di溫wen環huan境jing中zhong使shi檸ning檬meng呈cheng半ban休xiu眠mian狀zhuang態tai,這zhe樣yang來lai年nian樹shu勢shi生sheng長chang旺wang盛sheng,有you利li於yu高gao產chan。檸ning檬meng對dui土tu壤rang的de適shi應ying性xing很hen強qiang,隻zhi要yao土tu壤rang肥fei沃wo,排pai水shui良liang好hao的de壤rang土tu,不bu論lun沙sha質zhi或huo粘zhan質zhi均jun可ke生sheng長chang;腐殖質土以及弱酸性土壤更好。中性或微堿性土壤中也能生長良好。
②繁殖育苗。
檸檬的繁殖方法很多,但以扡插繁殖為主。5月下旬剪取成熟的枝條,每個插條長6厘米左右,留兩片剪去4/5的葉片,扡插於清潔的河砂內,插入砂內2/5,qianchakeyongqianpenhuomuxiang,miduyichatiaodeyepianhubujiechuweidu。qianchahouyaojiaotoushui,zhiyubanyinchu,yongsuliaobomofugai,yibaochijiaogaodeshidu,danshuifenbuyiguoduo,guoduohuizaochengchatiaofulan。shenggendezuishiwenduwei25℃左右。在不使用任何生長刺激素的情況下,一般60~70天生根,生根率高達80%~90%,待新生根長到3~4厘米左右,即可移苗;最好移植到有腐殖的營養缽裏,苗高20厘米時,便可定植。
③肥水管理。
ningmengyaoqiufeishuigongyingchongzu。shuifendegongying,jinengmanzushengchangdexuyao,youyaobimianshuiziweihai,zaisuliaopengneizaizhideningmeng,gengyaozhangwohaojiaoshuideshiji。quannianshuifengongyingdeyuanzeshichunqiuliangtouxiao,xiajizhongjianda。shuideguanliyaoshidang,pingshikezhuyiguancha,ruyepianfahuang,kenengguoshi,yingkongzhijiaoshui;如葉片幹卷,則應立即補充水分。檸檬的施肥原則是以勤施、薄bo施shi為wei主zhu,關guan鍵jian時shi刻ke兼jian以yi重zhong施shi。花hua期qi及ji小xiao果guo迅xun速su膨peng大da期qi,都dou是shi需xu肥fei量liang較jiao多duo的de關guan鍵jian時shi期qi。全quan年nian的de肥fei料liao供gong應ying也ye是shi春chun秋qiu兩liang頭tou少shao,夏xia季ji中zhong間jian多duo。檸ning檬meng需xu要yao氮dan、磷、鉀和其他各種礦物質營養,更要注意鎂、鉀肥的施用。
④栽培管理。
充足的光照,較高的空氣濕度,適宜的氣溫和空氣流暢的環境,這些都是檸檬生長最理想的條件。每年春季應適當修剪;要剪去密生枝,細弱枝、交叉重疊枝、xiachuizhijibingkuzhi。qiangzhibubijian,tuchangzhiyingdatou,shuailaozhijianduan,cushiqigengxin。xiujianhoujiyaoshizhitiaohubucuoluan,youyaobaochixiangdangmidu,xingchenglianghaodeyuantouxingshuguan。ningmengjieguo,zhuyaokaodangnianshengdezhishao,tebieshizhuangshao。yincixiujiantebiezhongyao。chuxiaqiwenjiangao,rizhaojianqiang,kongqishidudi,youliyuningmengcongyingyangshengchangzhuanxiangshengzhishengchang,cujinhuayadefenhua。qiwenyuegao,shuyeyuenong,yueyouliyuhuayadefenhua。liyongsuliaodapengbaohudizaipeiningmeng,huodegaochandeyuanyin,jiuzaiyuchunjidapengneiwendugao,youliyuhuayadexingcheng,weifengshoudaxiajichu。suoyishuocuhuashiningmengpeizhishudehexin,fengshoudeguanjian。
⑤病蟲害防治。
檸檬的抗病蟲害能力很強,尤其在北方栽培,氣候幹燥,病蟲害更少。常見的蟲害有介殼蟲、紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲及鳳蝶幼蟲4種;常見的病害隻有煤煙病一種。一旦發現介殼蟲,立即用小刷把介殼蟲刷除或噴加水100~150倍20號石油乳劑防治。紅蜘蛛可用50%三氯殺蟎醇1000倍液噴殺。蚜蟲多寄生於新稍嫩葉上,可用40%樂果乳油1500倍溶液噴殺。鳳蝶幼蟲可人工捕捉,卵塊可用手刮掉。煤煙腐病用清水擦洗或噴加水1500~2000倍多菌靈。病蟲害以預防為主,在栽培管理上要注意清潔衛生。葉麵上有塵土要噴水洗淨。通風透光也很重要。
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