最zui近jin天tian氣qi連lian續xu高gao溫wen幹gan燥zao,可ke忙mang壞huai了le曲qu周zhou縣xian大da河he道dao鄉xiang後hou老lao營ying村cun的de瓜gua農nong們men。這zhe裏li的de一yi部bu分fen西xi瓜gua出chu現xian了le一yi種zhong怪guai病bing,瓜gua蔓man有you的de粗cu得de像xiang兩liang個ge瓜gua蔓man並bing在zai一yi塊kuai,有you的de細xi得de兩liang個ge也ye趕gan不bu上shang一yi個ge正zheng常chang的de瓜gua蔓man。生病的西瓜藤、葉(ye)明(ming)顯(xian)比(bi)健(jian)康(kang)的(de)發(fa)黃(huang),葉(ye)子(zi)上(shang)麵(mian)布(bu)滿(man)黃(huang)色(se)小(xiao)花(hua)斑(ban),葉(ye)片(pian)比(bi)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)葉(ye)要(yao)小(xiao)得(de)多(duo),有(you)的(de)結(jie)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)小(xiao)瓜(gua)表(biao)麵(mian)全(quan)是(shi)疙(ge)疙(ge)瘩(da)瘩(da),瓜(gua)農(nong)們(men)打(da)了(le)很(hen)多(duo)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)也(ye)不(bu)見(jian)好(hao)轉(zhuan),很(hen)是(shi)愁(chou)人(ren)!
其實,治這種病並不難,對症下藥是關鍵。這種病俗稱“花葉病”,有的叫“小葉病”,是由病毒引起的一種病害。與防治枯萎病、葉斑病的藥物不同,這類病害需要使用抗病毒藥物進行防治。移栽早期或發病初期使用30%病毒星可濕性粉劑400倍液或1.5%植病靈乳油1000倍液或20%鹽酸馬啉呱(病毒A)可濕性粉劑500倍液進行噴施可對該病起到一定抑製作用。如果發病植株已到晚期(出現臭果),或出現病害快速蔓延趨勢,則需要立即拔除所有病株,以防交叉感染。
那(na)麼(me),怎(zen)麼(me)判(pan)斷(duan)您(nin)的(de)西(xi)瓜(gua)是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)患(huan)了(le)病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)呢(ne)?病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)有(you)花(hua)葉(ye)和(he)蕨(jue)葉(ye)兩(liang)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)。花(hua)葉(ye)型(xing)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)初(chu)期(qi)根(gen)部(bu)葉(ye)片(pian)出(chu)現(xian)黃(huang)綠(lv)相(xiang)間(jian)的(de)花(hua)斑(ban),葉(ye)麵(mian)凹(ao)凸(tu)不(bu)平(ping),新(xin)生(sheng)葉(ye)片(pian)畸(ji)形(xing)、蔓的頂端節間皺縮變短;蕨葉型症狀主要表現為新生葉狹長、皺縮、扭曲、畸ji形xing。病bing毒du病bing有you一yi個ge共gong同tong的de特te征zheng就jiu是shi形xing成cheng畸ji形xing果guo,如ru果guo您nin發fa現xian坐zuo好hao的de西xi瓜gua上shang麵mian全quan是shi小xiao疙ge瘩da,那na麼me您nin就jiu需xu要yao注zhu意yi一yi下xia西xi瓜gua是shi不bu是shi得de了le病bing毒du病bing了le。這zhe種zhong病bing在zai高gao溫wen幹gan旱han的de時shi候hou特te別bie容rong易yi發fa生sheng,尤you其qi在zai今jin年nian華hua北bei平ping原yuan持chi續xu高gao溫wen幹gan旱han的de情qing況kuang下xia,瓜gua農nong們men更geng要yao重zhong視shi,提ti前qian做zuo好hao防fang治zhi工gong作zuo。
西(xi)瓜(gua)病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)其(qi)實(shi)並(bing)不(bu)可(ke)怕(pa),因(yin)為(wei)病(bing)毒(du)想(xiang)要(yao)越(yue)冬(dong)必(bi)須(xu)依(yi)靠(kao)多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)雜(za)草(cao)或(huo)西(xi)瓜(gua)種(zhong)子(zi)。隻(zhi)要(yao)控(kong)製(zhi)了(le)田(tian)間(jian)的(de)雜(za)草(cao)瘋(feng)長(chang),做(zuo)好(hao)種(zhong)子(zi)消(xiao)毒(du),病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)是(shi)完(wan)全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)免(mian)的(de)。另(ling)外(wai),病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)主(zhu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)飛(fei)虱(shi)、蚜蟲、葉蟬等昆蟲和雜草及病株汁液傳播。對此,第一,要及時防除飛虱、蚜蟲、葉蟬等害蟲,阻斷病害快速傳播的途徑,常見的方法可采用10%吡蟲啉可濕性粉劑1000倍液或10%抗虱丁可濕性粉劑1000倍bei液ye噴pen霧wu,切qie斷duan傳chuan毒du媒mei介jie。第di二er,要yao控kong製zhi雜za草cao的de生sheng長chang,消xiao滅mie病bing毒du越yue冬dong的de載zai體ti。第di三san,整zheng枝zhi打da杈cha的de時shi候hou應ying該gai先xian整zheng健jian康kang的de植zhi株zhu,最zui後hou再zai整zheng患huan病bing植zhi株zhu,以yi防fang病bing害hai通tong過guo人ren為wei因yin素su傳chuan播bo。另ling外wai,由you於yu病bing毒du病bing常chang引yin發fa一yi係xi列lie並bing發fa症zheng,因yin此ci在zai防fang治zhi病bing毒du病bing的de同tong時shi也ye可ke噴pen施shi達da科ke寧ning、百菌清等廣譜性殺菌劑對蔓枯病、葉枯病、疫(yi)病(bing)等(deng)土(tu)傳(chuan)病(bing)害(hai)起(qi)到(dao)防(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo)。若(ruo)高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)旱(han)天(tian)氣(qi)持(chi)續(xu)時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長(chang),需(xu)適(shi)時(shi)在(zai)上(shang)午(wu)對(dui)田(tian)間(jian)進(jin)行(xing)噴(pen)霧(wu)降(jiang)溫(wen),防(fang)止(zhi)陽(yang)光(guang)過(guo)強(qiang)對(dui)葉(ye)片(pian)造(zao)成(cheng)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)灼(zhuo)傷(shang)。
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