單一施用大量氮肥。高產優質的西瓜施肥,應特別注意氮、磷、鉀jia三san要yao素su的de配pei合he,如ru果guo單dan一yi施shi用yong大da量liang氮dan肥fei,會hui導dao致zhi植zhi株zhu徒tu長chang,不bu易yi坐zuo瓜gua及ji影ying響xiang果guo實shi發fa育yu,即ji使shi坐zuo住zhu瓜gua,不bu僅jin成cheng熟shu慢man,而er且qie瓜gua皮pi厚hou,含han糖tang量liang低di。實shi踐jian表biao明ming,西xi瓜gua幼you苗miao期qi氮dan、磷、鉀的比例應為3.8:1:2.8,伸蔓期為3.6:1:3.7,生長盛期為3.5:1:4.6。
施用含氯元素的肥料。西瓜屬於忌氯作物,若施用氯化鉀、lvhuaandenghanlvyuansudehuafei,huiyinqilvlizidezhongdu,qizhengzhuangshiyeseqinglv,yeroubianhouershengchanghuanman。huishiguaweibiansuanbiandan。yinci,buyishiyonghanlvhuafei,bujiayingyishiyongcaomuhuiweizhu。
把ba所suo有you肥fei料liao集ji中zhong施shi於yu施shi肥fei溝gou內nei。一yi般ban瓜gua農nong施shi肥fei時shi,習xi慣guan開kai一yi條tiao溝gou施shi肥fei,把ba所suo有you的de肥fei都dou集ji中zhong施shi在zai溝gou裏li,這zhe樣yang由you於yu肥fei料liao過guo於yu集ji中zhong,溶rong液ye濃nong度du高gao,不bu但dan容rong易yi燒shao壞huai苗miao,還hai極ji易yi引yin起qi西xi瓜gua苗miao期qi瘋feng長chang。
陰雨天施肥。陰雨天施肥,田間濕度大,土壤含水量高,不但會使肥料流失,而且會造成瓜苗瘋長,坐瓜率下降,且易形成畸形瓜。
過多施用人糞尿。人糞尿可作西瓜追肥,但施用量不宜過大,否則會造成葉片肥大,藤蔓徒長,坐瓜率低,瓜大皮厚,果肉變酸。
施肥部位離根太近。施肥中肥料施得距西瓜太近,容易出現燒苗和僵苗現象,使瓜苗細弱、葉色黃,生長緩慢。因此,施肥時一般要求距主根10~15厘米左右。
天(tian)氣(qi)幹(gan)旱(han)時(shi)追(zhui)肥(fei)。天(tian)氣(qi)幹(gan)旱(han)時(shi),土(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)低(di),如(ru)果(guo)施(shi)肥(fei)集(ji)中(zhong)苗(miao)下(xia),又(you)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)灌(guan)水(shui)抗(kang)旱(han),這(zhe)時(shi)如(ru)果(guo)施(shi)用(yong)化(hua)肥(fei),會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)西(xi)瓜(gua)根(gen)係(xi)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)肥(fei)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)高(gao),使(shi)西(xi)瓜(gua)根(gen)係(xi)細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)液(ye)溶(rong)液(ye)向(xiang)外(wai)滲(shen)透(tou)(即平常所說的反滲透現象),daozhixiguazhizhushishuierkusi。yincizaiganhanshizhuifei,yidingyaojiehejiaoshui,rangfeiliaoxishibeiguamiaojunyunxishou,ganhanshizhuifeiyingcaiyongkaigoujinshi,bingjishifutu。
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