采挖山參,俗稱放山。山參從出苗到紅果前(5-7月)zhengshidishangbushengchangwangqi,ciqixiaohaogenbujileidebufenyingyang,zhishigenzhongxiajiang,jiangqibuzu,yincihongguoqianbuyicaiwa。shancanjinruhongguoqiyihou,dishangbuyingyangkaishixianggenbuyunshu,genzhongzhujianzengjia。zhi9月中、下xia旬xun根gen係xi基ji本ben停ting止zhi增zeng長chang,並bing且qie漿jiang氣qi充chong足zu,質zhi地di堅jian實shi,此ci期qi采cai挖wa山shan參can最zui為wei適shi宜yi。但dan是shi,此ci期qi由you於yu紅hong色se果guo實shi早zao已yi脫tuo落luo,進jin山shan難nan以yi發fa現xian山shan參can,所suo以yi一yi般ban都dou在zai8-9月間進山采挖。此間采挖到的山參公認為佳品。
根(gen)據(ju)山(shan)參(can)生(sheng)態(tai)條(tiao)件(jian),選(xuan)擇(ze)適(shi)宜(yi)林(lin)地(di),進(jin)山(shan)采(cai)挖(wa)。當(dang)發(fa)現(xian)山(shan)參(can)時(shi),首(shou)先(xian)用(yong)一(yi)條(tiao)長(chang)的(de)線(xian)繩(sheng)係(xi)在(zai)山(shan)參(can)植(zhi)株(zhu)上(shang),再(zai)將(jiang)線(xian)繩(sheng)的(de)兩(liang)端(duan)拴(shuan)在(zai)山(shan)參(can)近(jin)旁(pang)的(de)兩(liang)條(tiao)樹(shu)枝(zhi)上(shang),三(san)者(zhe)成(cheng)一(yi)直(zhi)線(xian)略(lve)拉(la)緊(jin),目(mu)的(de)是(shi)防(fang)止(zhi)在(zai)挖(wa)參(can)時(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)倒(dao)伏(fu)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)參(can)根(gen)蘆(lu)頭(tou)。之(zhi)後(hou),開(kai)始(shi)破(po)土(tu)挖(wa)參(can)。由(you)有(you)經(jing)驗(yan)的(de)挖(wa)參(can)者(zhe)用(yong)鹿(lu)骨(gu)針(zhen)先(xian)從(cong)參(can)株(zhu)基(ji)部(bu)破(po)土(tu),然(ran)後(hou)沿(yan)主(zhu)根(gen)、支根、須根,一根根小心剝土挖取。當遇到草根、樹(shu)根(gen)時(shi),可(ke)用(yong)刀(dao)鋸(ju)將(jiang)其(qi)鋸(ju)斷(duan),以(yi)清(qing)除(chu)障(zhang)礙(ai)物(wu)。在(zai)剝(bo)挖(wa)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),邊(bian)挖(wa)邊(bian)清(qing)除(chu)根(gen)係(xi)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang),直(zhi)至(zhi)全(quan)部(bu)根(gen)係(xi)露(lu)出(chu)土(tu)麵(mian)。之(zhi)後(hou),將(jiang)參(can)根(gen)小(xiao)心(xin)取(qu)出(chu),不(bu)要(yao)損(sun)傷(shang)根(gen)係(xi)任(ren)何(he)部(bu)位(wei),以(yi)免(mian)出(chu)售(shou)時(shi)降(jiang)等(deng)。將(jiang)挖(wa)出(chu)的(de)山(shan)參(can)用(yong)青(qing)苔(tai)和(he)鬆(song)樹(shu)皮(pi)(或樺樹皮)捆包,以保持其新鮮性和完整性。
為便於運輸、貯(zhu)藏(zang)和(he)應(ying)用(yong),采(cai)挖(wa)的(de)山(shan)參(can)需(xu)經(jing)加(jia)工(gong),其(qi)製(zhi)品(pin)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)糖(tang)參(can)和(he)生(sheng)曬(shai)參(can)。這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)與(yu)園(yuan)參(can)相(xiang)應(ying)品(pin)種(zhong)加(jia)工(gong)方(fang)法(fa)相(xiang)同(tong),不(bu)過(guo)山(shan)參(can)要(yao)求(qiu)保(bao)持(chi)根(gen)係(xi)的(de)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)。
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