迄今為止,中國的肉類工業已經走過了55個年頭。在這半個多世紀內,肉類市場,特別是鮮肉市場的營運方式,實際的變化不大。隨著中國進入世貿、出口的擴展,以及人民生活水平的提升,在未來數年,鮮肉市場的營運方式將有可能發生很大的改變。
由you於yu城cheng市shi規gui模mo的de不bu斷duan的de擴kuo張zhang,生sheng豬zhu飼si養yang將jiang日ri趨qu集ji中zhong在zai北bei方fang農nong作zuo物wu種zhong植zhi區qu域yu,調tiao動dong這zhe些xie區qu域yu的de優you勢shi資zi源yuan以yi迎ying合he市shi場chang需xu求qiu是shi一yi個ge大da的de發fa展zhan方fang向xiang。然ran而er,由you於yu“定點屠宰”等因素的影響,活豬運輸的現象很普遍,其中存在著損耗巨大、易感染疾病等弊病。隨著中國乃至全球日益增多的食品病害問題的爆發,我國政府也正在加緊食品安全、食shi品pin衛wei生sheng方fang麵mian的de控kong製zhi。相xiang信xin在zai不bu久jiu的de將jiang來lai,政zheng府fu將jiang製zhi定ding相xiang關guan政zheng策ce強qiang製zhi取qu消xiao活huo豬zhu運yun輸shu,並bing執zhi行xing集ji中zhong屠tu宰zai後hou運yun送song至zhi市shi場chang的de方fang式shi來lai避bi免mian上shang述shu問wen題ti。接jie著zhe,如ru何he保bao證zheng鮮xian肉rou在zai運yun輸shu、儲存及銷售中的安全將被提上日程。
從食品安全的角度看,將肉放置在常溫下進行運輸的傳統方法,無法保證產品質量;相反,隻要備有良好的衛生條件、溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)製(zhi)及(ji)包(bao)裝(zhuang),即(ji)使(shi)是(shi)屠(tu)宰(zai)數(shu)周(zhou)或(huo)數(shu)月(yue)的(de)肉(rou)類(lei)仍(reng)能(neng)保(bao)持(chi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。現(xian)在(zai),利(li)用(yong)收(shou)縮(suo)阻(zu)隔(ge)性(xing)塑(su)料(liao)袋(dai)真(zhen)空(kong)包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)鮮(xian)肉(rou)包(bao)裝(zhuang)模(mo)式(shi),已(yi)經(jing)在(zai)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)得(de)到(dao)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)鮮(xian)肉(rou)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),而(er)且(qie)在(zai)存(cun)儲(chu)和(he)運(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),還(hai)可(ke)發(fa)生(sheng)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)分(fen)解(jie)或(huo)嫩(nen)化(hua)作(zuo)用(yong),使(shi)肉(rou)類(lei)更(geng)受(shou)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)青(qing)睞(lai)。
真空包裝的特性
避免肉類失重
rouleishizhongqishishirouleizhongdeshuifensunshihuotuoshuisuozhi。ruguorouleijiagongshangshiyizhongliangchushouqirouzhipin,shizhongbianhuizhijiedaozhishouyidesunshi。jiangyikuairoufangjinzugeshuifendedaizili,ranhouzaizhenkongzhuangtaixiamifeng,biannengsuojinroukuaizhongdeshuifen,congerfangzhituoshuidewentichuxian。
防止細菌生長
大部分加工商均使用細菌總數作為鑒別肉類是否適合出售的指標。一般而言,細菌主要可分為 3 大類,分別為嗜氧菌、厭氧菌及兼性細菌。
shiyangjunxuyaoyangqicainengfanzhi,yincikongzhizhezhongxijunshengchangdefangfahenjiandan,jiushijiangrouleifangjinzugexingsuliaodaizhong,chouchulimiansuoyoudekongqiranhoufengmi。zheyang,shiyangjunbianhuiyinshiqulaiyishengcundeyangqiertingzhifanzhi。
厭yan氧yang菌jun的de情qing況kuang跟gen嗜shi氧yang菌jun恰qia恰qia相xiang反fan,它ta們men需xu要yao在zai完wan全quan無wu氧yang的de環huan境jing下xia才cai能neng繁fan殖zhi。故gu理li論lun上shang而er言yan,真zhen空kong包bao裝zhuang無wu法fa阻zu止zhi它ta們men的de生sheng長chang。不bu過guo,由you於yu這zhe種zhong細xi菌jun在zai冷leng藏zang的de環huan境jing下xia無wu法fa生sheng存cun,因yin此ci要yao控kong製zhi厭yan氧yang菌jun的de生sheng長chang,便bian需xu要yao結jie合he嚴yan格ge的de衛wei生sheng和he冷leng藏zang條tiao件jian,一yi般ban保bao存cun溫wen度du為wei 4℃ 以下。
在3zhongxijunzhong,jianxingxijundewentizuida,yinweitamenbulunzaiyouyanghuowuyangdetiaojianxiajunnengfanzhi,shenzhizailengzangtiaojianxiayenengshengchang。yinci,zhenkongbaozhuanghelengzangjunbunengzuzhitamenshengchang。yaokongzhijianxingxijunfanzhi,rouleijiagongshangzhinengzairouleichulijiyunshudemeigehuanjiezhong,zhixingyangeweishengkongzhi。qishiyuanlixiangdangjiandan,jiushibuyaorangchanpinganrandaozhexiexijun。
保持肉色鮮明
rouseshijianbierouleishifoushihechushoudelingyigezhongyaozhibiao。rouleidetianranyanseshishenzise,dangrouleibaoluyukongqidangzhong,qineibudejihongdanbaichanshengyanghe,yansehuizhuanbianweihongse,yezhengshixiaofeizhesuoxiaideyanse。zhegeyansebianhuadeguochengshikenizhuande,dangyanghejihongdanbaishiquyangshi,rousebianhuibianhuiyuanlaitianrandeshenzise。raner,rouleiguodubaoluzaikongqihuoyangqizhong,huicujinjihongdanbaideyanghua(正鐵肌紅蛋白),肉rou類lei會hui變bian成cheng褐he色se,而er這zhe個ge過guo程cheng是shi不bu可ke逆ni轉zhuan的de。將jiang鮮xian肉rou放fang進jin真zhen空kong阻zu隔ge塑su料liao袋dai中zhong,從cong而er使shi所suo有you肌ji紅hong蛋dan白bai保bao持chi原yuan有you狀zhuang態tai,避bi免mian發fa生sheng不bu可ke逆ni轉zhuan的de氧yang化hua過guo程cheng。在zai出chu售shou時shi打da開kai包bao裝zhuang,內nei裏li的de鮮xian肉rou才cai會hui變bian為wei紅hong色se。
防止黴菌及酸敗
biannengjiayikongzhi。lingyifangmian,suanbaiyehuichengweibaocunrouleidezhangai。youyusuanbaishiyinzhifangxishouyangerchanshengdeyiwei,zhiyaocaiyongzugexingbaozhuangchuquyangqi,yenengjiejuezhegewenti。
收縮包裝的特性
采用收縮包裝的一個主要原因,是防止肉類在解凍時出現肉汁流失的情況。將產品真空包裝密封後放入熱水中(80~82℃,保持1~2秒鍾),使塑料袋收縮。塑料袋薄膜收縮成肉塊原有的外形,成為肉的“第二層皮”。收縮能消除包裝薄膜出現皺紋或裂隙的情況,避免發生水分從產品抽出的“毛細管現象”。ciwai,bujintiechanpindebaozhuangsuliaoyushao,zaiyunsongchanpinshibaozhuangyuburongyipolie。zhideyitideshi,jiyushousuozuoyong,zugesuliaodaimodehouduyincizengjia,zengqiangleqizugexing。
將(jiang)鮮(xian)肉(rou)以(yi)收(shou)縮(suo)阻(zu)隔(ge)塑(su)料(liao)袋(dai)進(jin)行(xing)真(zhen)空(kong)包(bao)裝(zhuang),實(shi)為(wei)加(jia)工(gong)商(shang)和(he)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)帶(dai)來(lai)許(xu)多(duo)好(hao)處(chu),不(bu)少(shao)先(xian)進(jin)國(guo)家(jia)也(ye)以(yi)此(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)運(yun)輸(shu)肉(rou)類(lei)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)。國(guo)外(wai)許(xu)多(duo)大(da)型(xing)肉(rou)類(lei)企(qi)業(ye),均(jun)能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)衛(wei)生(sheng)及(ji)冷(leng)藏(zang)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),利(li)用(yong)真(zhen)空(kong)收(shou)縮(suo)袋(dai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)肉(rou)類(lei),使(shi)牛(niu)肉(rou)有(you)長(chang)達(da) 3 個月的保質期,而豬肉則有 45 天(tian)的(de)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)。目(mu)前(qian),這(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)及(ji)亞(ya)洲(zhou)雖(sui)未(wei)廣(guang)泛(fan)使(shi)用(yong),但(dan)基(ji)於(yu)其(qi)擁(yong)有(you)的(de)諸(zhu)多(duo)優(you)勢(shi),我(wo)們(men)有(you)理(li)由(you)相(xiang)信(xin)未(wei)來(lai)真(zhen)空(kong)包(bao)裝(zhuang)將(jiang)被(bei)廣(guang)泛(fan)推(tui)廣(guang)和(he)應(ying)用(yong)。
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