一、包裝條件
對於調理食品的包裝,基本要求是從生產、運輸到銷售,保持其產品的品質特性,防止細菌汙染且調理要方便。為此目的,包裝材料需具備的條件是:具有一定的機械強度(耐高低溫);具有阻隔性(對氣體和液體的高度阻斷性);對內容物的可耐性(耐酸、油);衛生性;耐操作性。在滿足以上條件的前提下,調整包裝經費,使包裝材料的成本更趨合理化。
1.機械強度
lengmeizaihendidewenduxiaduichanpinjinxinglengdong,baozhuangcailiaoyingnenggounaishoucongputonglengdongdiwendaogengdiyixiedediwentiaojian,junbuhuifashengcuilie,erqiecongzuizhongxiaofeiqiantiaolidefangbianxingkan,chanpinsuibaozhuangcailiaoyiqifangdaoreshuilijiarejiedongbingqieshengwendaoshiyongwendu,zheyangbaozhuangcailiaoyingnenggounaishou100℃yishangdewendu。lingwai,youyuzaizhizuoguochengheliutongjieduanjijiedongzhongbaozhuangdaidouhuishoudaowulixingchongji,shipinwaibaozhuangjuyounaimocadexingnengshifeichangzhongyaodetiaojian。lengdongshipindewaibaozhuangyibanzaiwailidezuoyongxiayiposunchanshengrouyanbuyifaxiandeweikong,xijunconggaichuzehenrongyiqinru,zaochengerciwuran。yinci,yaoqiubaozhuangcailiaoyingxuanzenaimoca、抗衝擊性和密封好的塑料材料,目前尼龍複合材料、聚酯、聚丙烯等複合材料均已開始被采用。
2.阻隔性
zaibaohuchanpinpinzhifangmian,congbaohubiaomianzheyidiankan,yaoqiubaozhuangyougezhongzheduanxing。weifangzhishipintuoshuiganzao,yaoqiubaozhuangcailiaoduishuizhengqidetouguoxinghendi。baozhuanglengdongtiaolishipindewaibaozhuangcailiao,youqixuanzeduiyangqiyougaoduzugexingzuoyongdebaozhuangcailiaoshishifenzhongyaode。youyuguangxiannengcujinshipindechengsewuzhifashengyanghua,baozhuangcailiaodezheguangxingnengyouxiaodifangzhishipinfashengtuise。bijiaoqilai,zaiwendubianhuadeliutongjieduanruocaiyongrerongliangxiaodebaozhuangdanwei,zeyinqitebierongyishoudaowendubiandongyingxiang,ergengrongyishiqineirongshipindepinzhifashengliebian。suoyiduiyubaozhuangcailiaohebaozhuangdanyuandaxiaodesheji,yijiweidadaojinliangdejianshaolengdongbaozhuangshipinpinzhidebiandongxingdemude,shipinyanzhihekaifagongzuozhe,zaishejiqineirongwuxingtaiyupinzhidewendingxingshi,yingdangduiyuwaibaozhuangdecaizhiheguigedengjinxingquanmianzaixidesheji。
3.衛生安全性
必須選用符合國際食品專用的安全無毒的材料如合成樹脂、多層鋁箔紙
及ji允yun許xu用yong於yu食shi品pin包bao裝zhuang的de其qi他ta耐nai水shui性xing的de加jia工gong紙zhi等deng材cai料liao製zhi造zao包bao裝zhuang物wu,確que定ding後hou的de器qi具ju及ji包bao裝zhuang容rong器qi的de規gui格ge必bi須xu進jin行xing合he適shi的de試shi驗yan。包bao裝zhuang材cai料liao在zai出chu廠chang前qian必bi須xu進jin行xing規gui定ding的de消xiao毒du措cuo施shi。
二、包裝形態
冷凍食品的包裝形態有兩大類:柔軟類型和堅硬類型。柔軟類型是以塑料薄膜為基礎的。厚硬型包裝,如稍厚些的紙包裝盒、複合鋁箔衝壓型容器等,前者占較大比例。另外,對於調理冷凍食品,其包裝形式在日本用塑料盒+袋的包裝約占2/3,用硬紙盒包裝約占1/3,其他的冷凍食品的包裝形式是用塑料盒+袋的包裝約占1/3,用袋包裝約占2/3。
1.厚硬型的包裝
這類包裝有兩種,其一是耐高溫的包裝材料將裝有食品的成型塑料盒再加以包裝並封口;其二是方形袋包裝,將內容物充填到被預先製好的厚硬的四方形的複合膜袋子中,並抽成真空並同時封口。例如湯類、肉丸、燒雞、醬牛肉、八(ba)寶(bao)菜(cai)等(deng)許(xu)多(duo)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)調(tiao)理(li)冷(leng)凍(dong)食(shi)品(pin),可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)加(jia)以(yi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)。食(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)前(qian),將(jiang)袋(dai)連(lian)同(tong)內(nei)容(rong)物(wu)一(yi)起(qi)放(fang)到(dao)熱(re)水(shui)中(zhong)解(jie)凍(dong)。如(ru)果(guo)產(chan)品(pin)為(wei)固(gu)體(ti)的(de)真(zhen)空(kong)包(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)品(pin),也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)食(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)前(qian),在(zai)微(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)中(zhong)利(li)用(yong)低(di)溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re)。
2.成型塑料盒包裝
燒麥、餃子、土豆餅等產品要求良好的外觀形態,將內容物充填到成型塑料盒中之後,用複合塑料膜(印刷成卷)由機器來連續進行把食品盒自動包裹,並封口,一般利用高溫型包裝機自動封口,塑料薄膜通常采用聚脂/PE、聚丙烯/PE的複合材料。另外,成型塑料盒(耐衝擊性PS、多聚丙烯)能夠防止產品受損傷、變形,保持產品良好形狀。對於蒸製品,要使用耐熱性材料(PP)的塑料盒。但這種包裝使用兩重包裝形式,耗費能源、勞動力及成本,應盡量避免這種方式。目前,在國外燒麥、餃子等批量生產的產品,已經實現邊成型邊自動充填到塑料盒的包裝方式。
3.深度抽真空的包裝
取代將內容物充填到成型塑料盒小袋包裝的另一種形式是真空袋包裝,這在冷凍食品中被廣泛使用。其優點:對個體較為厚重的食品(比如豬蹄或大丸子等),這種緊密包裝,會給消費者感官產生一定的價值感;真空自動包裝設備容易操作;外觀效果好,調理方便。
手機版




