1.選適宜品種 越冬菠菜栽培,容易受到冬季和早春低溫影響,到開春後,一般品種容易抽薹,降低產量和品質。所以越冬栽培宜選用冬性強、抽薹遲、耐寒性強、豐產的中熟和晚熟品種。如選用圓葉菠、遲圓葉菠、華菠一號、遼寧圓葉菠等品種。
2.選地作畦 在符合無公害蔬菜生產條件的基地,選背風向陽、土質疏鬆肥沃、排水條件好、中性偏微笑酸性土壤。在前茬收獲後,及時清潔田園,結合耕翻土地,施足基肥,一般每666.7平方米施4000~5000qiankefushuyoujifei。yuelibocaishengchangqijiaochang,ruguojifeishidebuzu,dongqianzhizhushengchangxiruo,buliyuanquanyuedong,yinianhuifushengchangshirongyifashengxianqichoutai。zhengmianzhengpingzhengxi,zuocheng1.2~1.5米寬的高畦。
3.適期播種 育苗播種早晚與幼苗越冬能力、收獲時間和產量有著密切的關係,不可過早也不宜過晚。菠菜在冰凍來臨前有4~5片葉最好。越冬菠菜在10月中、下旬至11月yue上shang旬xun播bo種zhong。此ci時shi氣qi候hou涼liang爽shuang,適shi宜yi菠bo菜cai發fa芽ya和he出chu苗miao,一yi般ban不bu需xu播bo發fa芽ya籽zi,而er播bo幹gan籽zi和he濕shi籽zi。播bo種zhong時shi天tian氣qi幹gan旱han,必bi須xu先xian將jiang畦qi土tu澆jiao足zu底di水shui,如ru天tian氣qi較jiao濕shi潤run,則ze不bu需xu澆jiao底di水shui。播bo種zhong後hou輕qing輕qing梳shu耙pa表biao土tu,使shi種zhong子zi落luo入ru土tu縫feng,同tong樣yang再zai澆jiao潑po一yi層ceng腐fu熟shu濃nong糞fen渣zha。注zhu意yi保bao持chi土tu壤rang濕shi潤run至zhi齊qi苗miao。如ru播bo種zhong較jiao遲chi,氣qi溫wen偏pian低di時shi,則ze在zai播bo種zhong畦qi上shang應ying覆fu蓋gai塑su料liao薄bo膜mo或huo遮zhe陽yang網wang保bao溫wen促cu出chu苗miao,出chu苗miao後hou撤che膜mo(網)。每666.7平方米用種量為4~5千克左右,晚播的播種量適當增加。
4.栽培管理 栽培後如果土壤幹旱可澆一次小水,保持土壤濕潤;3~4片真葉時,可適當控水,促進根係發育,以利越冬。若苗子偏密,2~3片真葉時可間苗一次,苗距 3~5厘li米mi。此ci期qi可ke根gen據ju苗miao情qing和he天tian氣qi追zhui施shi水shui肥fei,以yi腐fu熟shu人ren糞fen尿niao為wei主zhu,促cu苗miao生sheng長chang。若ruo發fa生sheng蚜ya蟲chong危wei害hai,則ze應ying及ji時shi噴pen藥yao防fang治zhi。在zai霜shuang凍dong和he冰bing雪xue天tian氣qi,注zhu意yi及ji時shi覆fu蓋gai料liao薄bo膜mo和he遮zhe陽yang網wang,浮fu麵mian覆fu蓋gai和he小xiao拱gong棚peng覆fu蓋gai都dou可ke以yi。應ying注zhu意yi,越yue冬dong菠bo菜cai栽zai培pei底di肥fei要yao施shi足zu,多duo施shi有you機ji肥fei,少shao施shi無wu機ji肥fei。因yin為wei在zai冬dong季ji日ri照zhao弱ruo,否fou則ze葉ye片pian積ji累lei過guo多duo的de硝xiao酸suan鹽yan。對dui於yu小xiao苗miao越yue冬dong的de菠bo菜cai,在zai開kai春chun氣qi溫wen回hui升sheng後hou,選xuan晴qing天tian及ji時shi追zhui施shi腐fu熟shu淡dan糞fen,促cu生sheng長chang嫩nen壯zhuang,防fang早zao抽chou薹tai。
5.采收 根gen據ju生sheng長chang情qing況kuang和he市shi場chang需xu求qiu可ke分fen批pi采cai收shou,也ye可ke分fen次ci間jian拔ba采cai收shou。對dui於yu即ji將jiang采cai收shou上shang市shi的de越yue冬dong存cun園yuan菠bo菜cai,尤you其qi要yao注zhu意yi搞gao好hao防fang寒han防fang凍dong覆fu蓋gai,以yi免mian凍dong壞huai葉ye片pian,嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang菠bo菜cai的de商shang品pin性xing、產量和質量。以隨時應市,滿足春節前後市場的需要。
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