1、紫斑病:田tian間jian發fa病bing多duo始shi於yu葉ye尖jian或huo花hua梗geng中zhong部bu,幾ji天tian後hou蔓man延yan至zhi下xia部bu,初chu呈cheng稍shao凹ao陷xian白bai色se小xiao斑ban點dian,中zhong央yang微wei紫zi色se,擴kuo大da後hou呈cheng黃huang褐he色se紡fang錘chui形xing或huo橢tuo圓yuan形xing病bing斑ban,濕shi度du大da時shi,病bing部bu產chan出chu黑hei色se黴mei狀zhuang物wu,即ji病bing菌jun分fen生sheng孢bao子zi梗geng和he分fen生sheng孢bao子zi,病bing斑ban多duo具ju同tong心xin輪lun紋wen,易yi從cong病bing部bu折zhe斷duan。貯zhu藏zang期qi染ran病bing的de鱗lin莖jing頸jing部bu變bian為wei深shen黃huang色se或huo紅hong褐he色se軟ruan腐fu狀zhuang。發fa病bing初chu期qi噴pen灑sa75%百菌清可濕性粉劑500~600倍液或64%殺毒礬可濕性粉劑500倍液、40%大富丹可濕性粉劑500倍液、50%撲海因可濕性粉劑1500倍液,隔7~10天1次,連續防治3~4次,均有較好的效果。
2、大蒜葉枯病:xizhenjunxingbinghai,zhuyaoweihaiyepian。fabingchuqi,bingbancongdasuanyejiankaishizhujianxiangyejingfazhan,bingyouzhizhuxiabuxiangshangmanyan。bingbanchuweicangbaiseyuanxingxiaobandian,houzhujiankuodachenghuihese,chengtuoyuanxingbuguizezhuang,binghaiyanzhongshikezaochengsuanzhuquanyekuweisiwang。fashengyekubingdedasuanbinghaibuweichangbanyouheisemeizhuangwu,bingbanshangyouxuduoheisexiaolidian。dasuanganranyekubinghou,yaojishicaiqufangzhicuoshi,yifangbinghaikuodahemanyan,meimukeyong40%的多菌靈膠懸劑150克加磷酸二氫鉀150克,對蒜苗均勻噴霧2-3次,每隔7天左右噴1次。也可用80%代森鋅600-800倍液或75%百菌清600-800倍液或50%異菌脲可濕性粉劑1500倍液均勻噴霧2-3次,每隔7天左右噴1次。
3、大蒜軟腐病:是一種細菌性病害,低溫高濕有利於發病。 大(da)蒜(suan)染(ran)病(bing)後(hou),先(xian)從(cong)葉(ye)緣(yuan)或(huo)中(zhong)脈(mai)發(fa)病(bing),沿(yan)葉(ye)緣(yuan)或(huo)中(zhong)脈(mai)形(xing)成(cheng)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)條(tiao)斑(ban),可(ke)貫(guan)穿(chuan)整(zheng)個(ge)葉(ye)片(pian),濕(shi)度(du)大(da)時(shi),病(bing)部(bu)呈(cheng)黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)軟(ruan)腐(fu)狀(zhuang)。一(yi)般(ban)腳(jiao)葉(ye)先(xian)發(fa)病(bing),後(hou)逐(zhu)漸(jian)向(xiang)上(shang)部(bu)葉(ye)片(pian)擴(kuo)展(zhan),致(zhi)全(quan)株(zhu)枯(ku)黃(huang)或(huo)死(si)亡(wang)。治(zhi)蟲(chong)防(fang)病(bing): 因yin為wei害hai蟲chong在zai大da蒜suan上shang造zao成cheng傷shang口kou,利li於yu軟ruan腐fu病bing菌jun侵qin入ru,有you的de害hai蟲chong體ti內nei外wai攜xie帶dai病bing菌jun,直zhi接jie傳chuan播bo病bing害hai。所suo以yi防fang治zhi害hai蟲chong對dui軟ruan腐fu病bing的de防fang治zhi很hen重zhong要yao。早zao期qi應ying注zhu意yi防fang治zhi金jin針zhen蟲chong、螻蛄等地下害蟲,從幼苗期開始就應防治黃.曲條跳甲、地蛆等害蟲。藥劑防治: 在發病前或發病初期可用72%農用鏈黴素3000~4000倍液或47%加瑞農WP750倍液、50%代森銨1000倍液、新植黴素3000―4000倍液,隔5~7天噴藥1次,視病情連續防治2―3次。應以輕病株及其周圍的植株為重點,注意噴在接近地表的植株莖基部。
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