草莓異常果是指發育不正常的果實,如種子凸起果、聚合果、青頂果、畸(ji)形(xing)果(guo)等(deng)。異(yi)常(chang)果(guo)的(de)出(chu)現(xian),嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)草(cao)莓(mei)果(guo)實(shi)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi),降(jiang)低(di)草(cao)莓(mei)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格(ge),減(jian)少(shao)果(guo)農(nong)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)益(yi)。因(yin)此(ci),生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi),來(lai)防(fang)止(zhi)異(yi)常(chang)果(guo)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。
1.種子凸起果。即草莓種子凸出果麵的果實。這樣的果實外觀品質差,口感酸澀,硬度大。土壤幹旱、植株生長勢差、guoshifujinwendujiaogaodengdouyiyinqicaomeiguoshizhongzituqi。caiyongdongxixiangqilongdewenshi,fashengzhongzituqiguodexianxiangjiaoduo。yinweidongxixiangqilongshi,nancedeguoshixiangyang,zhedangshao,wendujiaogao,rongyixingchengtuqiguo;北bei側ce朝chao陰yin,遮zhe擋dang多duo,溫wen度du低di,發fa生sheng的de凸tu起qi果guo較jiao少shao。所suo以yi在zai栽zai培pei模mo式shi上shang盡jin量liang采cai用yong南nan北bei向xiang起qi壟long的de方fang法fa,使shi各ge處chu草cao莓mei的de果guo實shi接jie受shou光guang照zhao一yi致zhi,溫wen度du較jiao為wei均jun衡heng,凸tu起qi果guo的de數shu量liang就jiu會hui較jiao少shao。同tong時shi控kong製zhi室shi內nei溫wen度du及ji土tu壤rang含han水shui量liang,創chuang造zao適shi宜yi草cao莓mei生sheng長chang的de環huan境jing條tiao件jian。
2.juheguo。jijiguanzhuangguoshi。juheguodefasheng,rongyishicaomeizhizhudefudanbujunyun,zengjiaxiaoguodebili,xiangyingjiangdicaomeiguoshidezhengtipinzhi。zaicaomeihuayafenhuaguochengzhong(10月上中旬),日照時間短,生長過旺,是形成聚合果的主要原因。因此在栽培管理上,首先要避免花芽分化期過量施用氮素肥料,防止植株旺長;其次要在花芽分化時期,盡量使草莓植株多接受光照,積累營養物質,防止聚合果的發生。
3.青qing頂ding果guo。青qing頂ding果guo是shi下xia部bu成cheng熟shu變bian紅hong,而er上shang部bu尖jian端duan未wei熟shu,仍reng然ran發fa青qing的de草cao莓mei果guo實shi。青qing頂ding果guo的de發fa生sheng,降jiang低di果guo實shi品pin質zhi,推tui遲chi采cai摘zhai期qi,影ying響xiang上shang市shi。草cao莓mei植zhi株zhu出chu現xian旺wang長chang趨qu勢shi,枝zhi葉ye繁fan密mi,再zai遇yu持chi續xu陰yin天tian,光guang照zhao不bu足zu,容rong易yi發fa生sheng青qing頂ding果guo的de現xian象xiang。因yin此ci,在zai管guan理li上shang要yao防fang止zhi草cao莓mei植zhi株zhu旺wang長chang,及ji時shi摘zhai除chu老lao化hua枝zhi葉ye,促cu使shi通tong風feng透tou光guang,同tong時shi在zai保bao持chi溫wen室shi內nei溫wen度du的de情qing況kuang下xia,盡jin量liang早zao揭jie晚wan蓋gai草cao苫shan,延yan長chang光guang照zhao時shi間jian,防fang止zhi青qing頂ding果guo的de發fa生sheng。
4.畸形果。即形狀不正常的果實。畸形果的發生在溫室栽培中是很普遍的現象,也是影響溫室草莓品質和產量的主要原因之一。
畸形果的發生原因主要是因草莓花朵授粉受精不完全而形成的。溫室栽培條件下,缺少傳粉媒介和良好的通風條件,影響花粉的傳播;溫室內空氣濕度大,溫度不均衡,忽高忽低,影響授粉受精;zaikaihuaqijianpenshinongyao,yeyingxianghuafendefaya。zaiyishangjizhongyuanyindezonghezuoyongxia,guomianshangdeyibufenhuashoujingxingchengzhongzi,yibufenweishoujing,meiyouxingchengzhongzi,zhishiguoshishangdezhongzibunengjunyundixingcheng,guoshifayubujunyun,xingchengjixingguo。
防止措施主要有:選擇花粉發芽力強的品種。注意溫室內溫、濕shi度du的de管guan理li,白bai天tian溫wen度du高gao時shi,及ji時shi通tong風feng換huan氣qi,降jiang低di溫wen濕shi度du,晚wan上shang加jia蓋gai保bao溫wen材cai料liao或huo采cai取qu保bao溫wen措cuo施shi,防fang止zhi室shi內nei溫wen度du過guo低di。花hua期qi減jian少shao用yong藥yao或huo盡jin量liang不bu用yong藥yao,利li於yu草cao莓mei的de授shou粉fen受shou精jing。采cai用yong蜜mi蜂feng輔fu助zhu授shou粉fen。草cao莓mei開kai花hua期qi間jian釋shi放fang蜜mi蜂feng,通tong過guo蜜mi蜂feng來lai為wei草cao莓mei授shou粉fen,可ke以yi明ming顯xian減jian少shao畸ji形xing果guo的de發fa生sheng率lv,提ti高gao坐zuo果guo量liang,增zeng加jia產chan量liang,提ti高gao品pin質zhi。
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