據調查了解,陝西作為全國蘋果主產區,在近幾年新植的蘋果幼園及品種改良的幼園麵積近300萬wan畝mu,但dan由you於yu一yi部bu分fen樹shu幼you旺wang,直zhi接jie影ying響xiang成cheng花hua成cheng果guo和he產chan量liang及ji品pin質zhi。針zhen對dui這zhe一yi帶dai有you普pu遍bian性xing的de問wen題ti,陝shan西xi恒heng興xing果guo汁zhi飲yin料liao有you限xian公gong司si澳ao洲zhou青qing蘋ping基ji地di,在zai今jin冬dong修xiu剪jian中zhong,采cai取qu四si項xiang有you效xiao措cuo施shi控kong製zhi幼you旺wang,提ti高gao成cheng花hua結jie果guo率lv。
一是培訓。對參與修剪的50名(ming)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)剪(jian)前(qian)實(shi)行(xing)田(tian)間(jian)培(pei)訓(xun),在(zai)總(zong)結(jie)旺(wang)長(chang)教(jiao)訓(xun)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),由(you)技(ji)術(shu)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)作(zuo)示(shi)範(fan),使(shi)每(mei)位(wei)修(xiu)剪(jian)人(ren)員(yuan)明(ming)確(que)修(xiu)剪(jian)中(zhong)的(de)要(yao)領(ling)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)。二(er)是(shi)實(shi)施(shi)全(quan)樹(shu)輕(qing)剪(jian)法(fa)。針(zhen)對(dui)骨(gu)幹(gan)延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)、密集枝、強旺枝進行輕剪緩放,緩放1一2年,多數可成花結果。待樹枝穩定後,再適度回縮部分弱枝,並將其培養成大、中、小xiao型xing結jie果guo枝zhi組zu。應ying注zhu意yi回hui縮suo弱ruo枝zhi時shi一yi次ci不bu宜yi過guo多duo過guo重zhong,否fou則ze會hui造zao成cheng樹shu勢shi再zai度du返fan旺wang而er影ying響xiang產chan量liang。三san是shi局ju部bu控kong製zhi修xiu剪jian。這zhe主zhu要yao指zhi小xiao冠guan疏shu層ceng形xing整zheng枝zhi樹shu,剪jian時shi先xian對dui外wai圍wei枝zhi和he兩liang側ce枝zhi進jin行xing中zhong度du短duan截jie,促cu發fa分fen枝zhi,增zeng加jia外wai圍wei兩liang側ce枝zhi量liang,以yi牽qian製zhi和he緩huan和he內nei膛tang及ji骨gu幹gan枝zhi背bei上shang枝zhi條tiao生sheng長chang。在zai適shi當dang疏shu除chu內nei膛tang枝zhi、背上密集枝和強旺枝的同時,對部分輔養枝采取捋枝、環(huan)剝(bo)或(huo)曲(qu)枝(zhi)等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)緩(huan)和(he)長(chang)勢(shi),促(cu)成(cheng)花(hua)結(jie)果(guo)。四(si)是(shi)實(shi)施(shi)逐(zhu)步(bu)緩(huan)和(he)修(xiu)剪(jian)。該(gai)法(fa)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)使(shi)幼(you)樹(shu)旺(wang)枝(zhi)緩(huan)長(chang)後(hou)成(cheng)花(hua)增(zeng)產(chan)。即(ji)通(tong)過(guo)全(quan)樹(shu)輕(qing)剪(jian),返(fan)緩(huan)單(dan)枝(zhi)長(chang)勢(shi),增(zeng)強(qiang)全(quan)樹(shu)總(zong)生(sheng)長(chang)量(liang)。當(dang)全(quan)樹(shu)總(zong)生(sheng)長(chang)量(liang)得(de)到(dao)緩(huan)和(he)後(hou),再(zai)通(tong)過(guo)局(ju)部(bu)控(kong)製(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi),使(shi)強(qiang)、旺部位的生長勢趨於全樹平均長勢,以利成花結果。
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