一、輕剪與緩放
輕(qing)剪(jian),是(shi)修(xiu)剪(jian)的(de)程(cheng)度(du)要(yao)輕(qing),修(xiu)剪(jian)量(liang)不(bu)要(yao)大(da)。緩(huan)放(fang)也(ye)叫(jiao)甩(shuai)放(fang),就(jiu)是(shi)對(dui)果(guo)樹(shu)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)枝(zhi)條(tiao)不(bu)修(xiu)剪(jian),由(you)它(ta)自(zi)然(ran)繼(ji)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang),大(da)家(jia)習(xi)慣(guan)把(ba)它(ta)也(ye)算(suan)為(wei)修(xiu)剪(jian)方(fang)法(fa)之(zhi)一(yi)。輕(qing)剪(jian)與(yu)緩(huan)放(fang)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa),有(you)著(zhe)密(mi)切(qie)關(guan)係(xi)。緩(huan)放(fang)、短截、疏剪(也叫疏枝),都(dou)是(shi)修(xiu)剪(jian)果(guo)樹(shu)的(de)方(fang)法(fa),都(dou)對(dui)果(guo)樹(shu)植(zhi)株(zhu)整(zheng)體(ti)起(qi)削(xue)弱(ruo)長(chang)勢(shi)作(zuo)用(yong),對(dui)果(guo)樹(shu)植(zhi)株(zhu)局(ju)部(bu)起(qi)增(zeng)強(qiang)長(chang)勢(shi)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)果(guo)樹(shu)幼(you)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)階(jie)段(duan),修(xiu)剪(jian)量(liang)越(yue)大(da),這(zhe)種(zhong)削(xue)弱(ruo)與(yu)增(zeng)強(qiang)的(de)雙(shuang)重(zhong)作(zuo)用(yong)越(yue)顯(xian)著(zhu)。以(yi)輕(qing)剪(jian)緩(huan)放(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)修(xiu)剪(jian)的(de)果(guo)樹(shu),會(hui)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)表(biao)現(xian):
1、主幹粗,但是主枝、側枝比較冗長細弱,樹冠組成的骨架不牢。
2、枝葉多,生長量大,但新梢的生長長度逐年遞減,葉片小而色淺,即或樹能有幾年增產,樹勢也會很早衰弱。
3、能緩和樹的生長勢,早形成花芽開花結果,但因為枝條、葉片過密,會影響樹冠內膛光照,樹冠內膛寄生葉片會增多,花芽分化不充實,開花後坐果率低,結的果實個小。
4、樹冠形成快。樹冠快速形成,但結果部位外移也快,樹冠內膛結果少,產量低而不穩。
二、輕剪要運用得當
修xiu剪jian果guo樹shu剪jian的de輕qing重zhong,並bing不bu是shi影ying響xiang果guo樹shu產chan量liang高gao低di的de關guan鍵jian,樹shu體ti能neng否fou得de到dao充chong足zu的de營ying養yang,才cai是shi影ying響xiang產chan量liang多duo少shao的de基ji礎chu因yin素su。如ru果guo肥fei水shui不bu足zu,修xiu剪jian果guo樹shu無wu論lun是shi重zhong剪jian或huo輕qing剪jian或huo緩huan放fang,樹shu都dou不bu會hui高gao產chan。重zhong剪jian雖sui然ran也ye會hui使shi枝zhi條tiao旺wang長chang,但dan是shi,即ji或huo開kai花hua,坐zuo果guo率lv也ye不bu會hui高gao。
youlingpingguoshudetedianshishengchangwangsheng,weilehuanheshudeshengchangshi,xiujianshiqingjianhuanfang,keyishiyangfenfensan,fangzhizhitiaotuchang,youliyingyangzhizhuanhuaweijieguozhi,zaoxingchenghuaya,zaofengchan,yinci,youshuyingdangqingjian,shidanghuanfang。
盛sheng果guo期qi大da樹shu,開kai花hua多duo,結jie果guo多duo。重zhong短duan截jie花hua芽ya多duo的de枝zhi條tiao,去qu掉diao部bu分fen花hua芽ya,能neng使shi營ying養yang被bei集ji中zhong利li用yong,增zeng強qiang樹shu勢shi,防fang止zhi早zao衰shuai,延yan長chang盛sheng果guo期qi年nian限xian。對dui盛sheng果guo期qi大da樹shu適shi當dang重zhong剪jian是shi合he理li的de,不bu宜yi輕qing剪jian。
zhitiaohuanfangketigaomengyalv,zengjiazhitiaoshuliang,huanhezengqiangzhitiaochangshi,cujinhuayaxingcheng,zaojieguo,zaofengchan。danshi,ruguohuanfangzhitiaoguoduo,huoliannianlianxuhuanfang,shushijiuhuihenkuaishuairuo,zhitiaorongchangxiruo,jieguobuweiwaiyi,jiedeguogexiaopinzhibujia,qieyifashengdaxiaonianjieguo。yinci,xiujianguoshushizhitiaodouduanjiedejianfashicuowude,tongshi,jinliangduohuanfangzhitiao,yeshibudangde。zaiyibanqingkuangxia,zuihaobuyaohuanfangtuchangzhi、直立枝和競爭枝。如果一定要緩放,必須對緩放枝條采取措施加以處理,如環剝、環割、扭梢及別枝等等。如不加以處理,會發生後患。
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