dangqiandenongyaofangzhifangfashixiaomieturangzhongdezhibingjun,danshiduidamianjiturangchedixiaodufeichangkunnan。lingwaizaiturangxiaoduguocheng,yebaturangzhongduiyouhaishengwuqiyizhizuoyongdeyouyishengwuyiqishasi,bujinbunengyouxiaokongzhizhibingjundeshengchang,fanerhuiqidaoxiangfandezuoyong。yincizaicaiqunongyaofangzhicuoshidetongshi,jianyihelitiaojieturangxingzhipeiyufeiwoturang,fangzhihuangyebingdefashenghuojiangdifabinglv。
1、調節土壤營養狀況。根據香蕉吸收氮、磷、鉀的比例(為1:0.2:2.5-3),應避免偏施氮肥,而多施鉀肥,培育健康的蕉苗,增強香蕉的抗病性。
2、增施有機肥。香蕉移栽前和大頭(可見球莖時)期,每株香蕉最好施用2-4斤完全腐熟的有機肥(能多施的要多施),如圈糞或堆漚肥。完全腐熟的有機肥不僅能供應適量的養分,而且可以改善土壤的結構,調節土壤保水、保bao肥fei性xing,還hai能neng豐feng富fu土tu壤rang中zhong的de有you益yi生sheng物wu,改gai善shan土tu壤rang微wei生sheng態tai係xi統tong,從cong而er抑yi製zhi或huo控kong製zhi黃huang葉ye病bing菌jun生sheng長chang。在zai有you條tiao件jian的de地di方fang向xiang有you機ji肥fei中zhong添tian加jia有you益yi菌jun,則ze效xiao果guo更geng好hao。
3、調節土壤酸堿度。香蕉移栽前用石灰或石灰氮(商品名叫正肥丹)處(chu)理(li)土(tu)壤(rang),通(tong)過(guo)中(zhong)和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)酸(suan)性(xing),破(po)壞(huai)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)病(bing)條(tiao)件(jian)而(er)控(kong)製(zhi)黃(huang)葉(ye)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。另(ling)外(wai)石(shi)灰(hui)或(huo)石(shi)灰(hui)氮(dan)中(zhong)的(de)鈣(gai)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)改(gai)善(shan)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)的(de)鈣(gai)素(su)營(ying)養(yang),增(zeng)強(qiang)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)的(de)抗(kang)病(bing)性(xing)。在(zai)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)生(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)程(cheng)選(xuan)用(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)時(shi),宜(yi)選(xuan)用(yong)能(neng)降(jiang)低(di)土(tu)壤(rang)酸(suan)度(du)的(de)肥(fei)料(liao),如(ru)氮(dan)肥(fei)最(zui)好(hao)選(xuan)硝(xiao)態(tai)氮(dan)肥(fei)等(deng)。
4、淹yan水shui閉bi氣qi處chu理li土tu壤rang。引yin起qi香xiang蕉jiao枯ku萎wei病bing的de生sheng物wu為wei一yi種zhong好hao氣qi生sheng物wu,因yin此ci在zai病bing害hai嚴yan重zhong的de地di塊kuai,進jin行xing一yi定ding時shi期qi的de淹yan水shui處chu理li可ke達da到dao滅mie菌jun的de效xiao果guo,從cong而er控kong製zhi香xiang蕉jiao枯ku萎wei病bing的de發fa生sheng。
5、生病的香蕉植株要挖掉。砍下的香蕉植株切記不可扔進排水溝、河he流liu等deng水shui係xi,以yi免mian病bing菌jun浸jin染ran水shui係xi,從cong而er造zao成cheng更geng多duo的de病bing害hai。砍kan下xia的de香xiang蕉jiao業ye不bu可ke以yi隨sui手shou丟diu在zai香xiang蕉jiao園yuan裏li,以yi免mian病bing害hai的de擴kuo撒sa。砍kan下xia的de香xiang蕉jiao要yao集ji中zhong放fang在zai與yu蕉jiao園yuan、shuixigelidedifang,liangshaiganhoufenshao。huojiangkanxiadexiangjiaomairuyuxiangjiaoyuangelidedifang,zaimairanbingdexiangjiaoshi,zuihaosashihuihuoshihuidanxiaodu。dilixiangjiaotoudedifangyaoyongshihuidengyaowuxiaodu。
總之,在化學防治的基礎上再結合土壤培肥和土壤環境的調節措施,必定會大大降低甚至消除香蕉枯萎病的危害。
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