從農事管理來看,白露既是作物成熟與收獲的季節,也是越冬作物準備播種的季節。這裏可例舉各地的農諺加以說明,如晉、冀、魯、豫、陝、甘、寧的農諺“白露砍高粱,寒露打完場”;豫、陝、晉、魯、鄂地區關於冬小麥播種的農諺,“白露種高山,寒露種平川”;上海的農諺“早稻白露前,晚稻白露後”。對於北方的果樹生產來說,白露時節正是許多落葉果樹的成熟—摘果期,如早、中熟蘋果、梨、晚wan熟shu葡pu萄tao和he冬dong棗zao等deng,這zhe些xie果guo樹shu在zai白bai露lu時shi節jie需xu要yao施shi用yong摘zhai果guo肥fei。從cong理li論lun和he經jing驗yan兩liang方fang麵mian都dou說shuo明ming,果guo樹shu秋qiu施shi肥fei比bi春chun施shi肥fei好hao,秋qiu冬dong時shi節jie早zao施shi肥fei比bi晚wan施shi肥fei好hao。
yipingguoshuweili,zaiguoshicaizhaihou,jishishiyongzhaiguofeiyouliyuguoyuanlainiandechixuzengchan。youyuguoshudegenxishiyangfenxishouyuzhuzangdeqiguan,diernianchunjishengchangfayusuoxudeyangfenduolaiyuanyugenxidezhuzang,keyishuogenxizhuzangyangfendeshuipingjuedingzhelainianhuayafenhuadezhiliang,yejuedingguoshudekanghanxingdengxingzhuang。yibanchuyudixiadeguoshugenximeiyouziranxiumian,zhiyaotiaojianshiyi,quanniangenxidoukefashengjishengchang,erqiezai9月初開始的秋季,不同果樹將先後出現根係生長的高峰期。如果今年果實豐產、地(di)上(shang)部(bu)負(fu)荷(he)過(guo)大(da),但(dan)是(shi)秋(qiu)天(tian)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)施(shi)肥(fei),根(gen)係(xi)營(ying)養(yang)跟(gen)不(bu)上(shang),甚(shen)至(zhi)不(bu)生(sheng)長(chang)秋(qiu)根(gen),那(na)會(hui)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)越(yue)冬(dong)和(he)春(chun)季(ji)發(fa)根(gen)。因(yin)為(wei)早(zao)春(chun)根(gen)係(xi)生(sheng)長(chang)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)養(yang)分(fen)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)貯(zhu)藏(zang)營(ying)養(yang),如(ru)果(guo)頭(tou)年(nian)秋(qiu)錯(cuo)過(guo)了(le)摘(zhai)果(guo)肥(fei),造(zao)成(cheng)貯(zhu)藏(zang)營(ying)養(yang)不(bu)足(zu),必(bi)定(ding)要(yao)減(jian)少(shao)春(chun)季(ji)發(fa)根(gen)和(he)發(fa)芽(ya)。
以yi氮dan肥fei為wei例li,不bu同tong的de施shi氮dan時shi期qi對dui果guo樹shu的de生sheng長chang發fa育yu有you不bu同tong的de影ying響xiang。對dui蘋ping果guo而er言yan,秋qiu施shi氮dan肥fei,即ji使shi施shi氮dan量liang小xiao於yu春chun施shi量liang,但dan第di二er年nian開kai花hua坐zuo果guo的de效xiao果guo還hai是shi非fei常chang明ming顯xian的de。因yin為wei從cong采cai收shou到dao落luo葉ye是shi氮dan素su營ying養yang貯zhu備bei期qi,此ci期qi氮dan含han量liang的de高gao低di對dui翌yi年nian優you質zhi花hua芽ya的de分fen化hua和he創chuang高gao產chan都dou起qi著zhe重zhong要yao作zuo用yong。當dang然ran秋qiu施shi肥fei除chu了le氮dan肥fei以yi外wai,磷lin鉀jia肥fei也ye同tong樣yang重zhong要yao。供gong磷lin充chong足zu能neng使shi果guo樹shu如ru期qi完wan成cheng枝zhi條tiao生sheng長chang階jie段duan,促cu進jin花hua芽ya分fen化hua,提ti高gao坐zuo果guo率lv,而er且qie磷lin對dui氮dan素su營ying養yang有you調tiao節jie作zuo用yong;此外,果樹需鉀量大,增施鉀肥能促進果實增大,增加果實單果重。
總之秋施基肥的好處有:第一,使果樹主要根係的生長量和吸收機能都比較活躍。秋施的氮肥被根係吸收後,成為樹體的貯藏營養,成為次年開花、zhanyedeyingyanglaiyuan。dier,qiujizhouyewenchada,sansheguangbilizengjia,shifeihouyouliyutigaoyepiandeguanghexiaolv。disan,ruguozheshishiyongyoujifeiliao,youjiaochongfendeshijiangonggenxixishou、運轉,並在樹體內貯藏起來。秋季施肥是果園施肥製度中的重要環節,也是全年施肥的基礎。
這裏再舉一例,對於冬棗來說,白露節氣的施肥同樣很重要。冬棗是淺根性果樹,9月初後生長趨緩,基肥施用時期要比蘋果樹還早一點。它具有萌芽晚、落luo葉ye早zao的de特te性xing,在zai生sheng產chan上shang要yao根gen據ju這zhe一yi特te點dian注zhu意yi提ti高gao其qi貯zhu藏zang養yang分fen水shui平ping。冬dong棗zao在zai果guo實shi硬ying核he期qi出chu現xian根gen係xi生sheng長chang高gao峰feng,為wei提ti高gao樹shu體ti的de貯zhu藏zang氮dan水shui平ping,促cu進jin翌yi年nian生sheng長chang發fa育yu,要yao在zai果guo實shi硬ying核he期qi施shi用yong氮dan磷lin肥fei。這zhe會hui有you利li於yu休xiu眠mian期qi貯zhu藏zang氮dan的de積ji累lei和he翌yi年nian盛sheng花hua期qi的de生sheng長chang發fa育yu。例li如ru推tui薦jian冬dong棗zao秋qiu季ji施shi用yong三san元yuan複fu合he肥fei每mei畝mu20~30公斤。
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