大棚濕度應保持在60-75%,這樣有利於其萌芽。若濕度過大,應及時通風換氣。可實行間隔式通風換氣,每次間隔2小時左右,每次通風時間為30分鍾。如果霧霾嚴重,棚外濕度明顯高於棚內情況下不要進行放風。自早上10點開始,至下午16時(shi)關(guan)閉(bi)通(tong)風(feng)口(kou)。同(tong)時(shi)控(kong)製(zhi)澆(jiao)水(shui),一(yi)般(ban)扣(kou)棚(peng)後(hou)澆(jiao)大(da)水(shui)一(yi)次(ci),到(dao)花(hua)期(qi)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)要(yao)澆(jiao)水(shui),澆(jiao)水(shui)後(hou)可(ke)用(yong)覆(fu)蓋(gai)銀(yin)白(bai)地(di)膜(mo),起(qi)到(dao)控(kong)製(zhi)濕(shi)度(du),增(zeng)加(jia)地(di)溫(wen),改(gai)善(shan)棚(peng)內(nei)光(guang)照(zhao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。如(ru)果(guo)花(hua)期(qi)土(tu)壤(rang)幹(gan)旱(han)嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi),澆(jiao)水(shui)要(yao)膜(mo)下(xia)澆(jiao)小(xiao)。
二、大棚果樹的溫度管理工作
雖sui然ran由you於yu霧wu霾mai天tian氣qi的de影ying響xiang,棚peng內nei光guang照zhao不bu足zu,但dan由you於yu近jin期qi氣qi溫wen回hui升sheng較jiao快kuai,所suo以yi目mu前qian大da棚peng內nei的de溫wen度du管guan理li仍reng以yi控kong為wei主zhu。如ru果guo升sheng溫wen過guo快kuai,溫wen度du過guo高gao會hui造zao成cheng果guo樹shu萌meng芽ya快kuai,開kai花hua慢man,易yi出chu現xian先xian芽ya後hou花hua的de現xian象xiang,使shi葉ye芽ya優you先xian爭zheng奪duo貯zhu藏zang養yang分fen,導dao致zhi其qi坐zuo果guo率lv降jiang低di,造zao成cheng幼you果guo早zao期qi脫tuo落luo。因yin此ci此ci期qi溫wen度du應ying緩huan慢man升sheng高gao,每mei升sheng高gao2-3℃,應保持2-3天,再逐級升高。最後保持最高溫度不得突破28℃,夜晚最低溫度10℃左右。
三、做好大棚果樹的光照管理工作
yinlianxuyintianguangzhaobuzu,duishutidezhengchangshengchangchanshenglebuxiaodefumianyingxiang,youqiduizhengchangkaihuayingxianghenda。yinciyaojinkenengzengjiashutiguangzhao。jishizaoyujiduandiwentianqi,yeyaoliyongzhongwuwendujiaogaoshiduojianguang。pengshangdefugaiwuyaoqinjieqingai,jiyaobuchongguangzhao,youyaobaowen。bingjishiqingsaopengshangzawu。tongshizaipengneipushefanguangmo。fangzhishutiyinguangzhaobuzubunengjinxingguanghezuoyongerchuxianjie。jiuyinzhuanqingzhongwukuaisushengwenshiyingzhuyishidang“回簾”,以防止樹體出現不適。
四、花果管理
xianzaibushaodapengguoshuhuaguoqizhengyuwumaiyinyutianqi,gaohaohuaguoguanlizhiguanzhongyao,guanxidaojinniandapengzaipeishengbaideguanjian。bixucaiquyixiezonghecuoshibaozhengyidingdezuoguoliang,manzushengchanxuyao。
1、加強綜合管理,保證營養供應
zuoguolvgaodijiyouguodefayuyuyingyangwuzhidegongyingyoumiqiedeguanxi。shouxianbixujiaqiangshangyiniandehouqiguanli,xingchenglianghaodehuaya,tigaoyingyangshuiping,ruqiujibaoye、施基肥等。當年通過施肥、澆水、修剪,保證營養供應,通過枝梢摘心、花期噴0.1%-0.5%的硼砂等措施,調節養分的流向和供應。
2、保證授粉受精
在合理配置授粉樹的情況下,還要施行一些措施,尤其是今年陰雨雪霧霾天多,開花晚、不整齊的情況下保證授粉受精。
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