西瓜重茬地發生西瓜枯萎病和炭疽病較普遍,尤其是在地勢低窪、排水不良、氮肥施用過多、通風不良的重茬地塊發病嚴重。而目前一些瓜農施肥盲目性較大,瓜農存在“糞大水勤,不用問人”的錯誤認識和重施氮肥、磷肥,忽視鉀肥、無視微肥的思想。由於鉀肥和某些微量元素的不足而導致西瓜對氮、linyuansudexishouliyongchuxianzhangai,bingzaochengturangzhongyangfenshiheng,turangbanjie,xiguashengchangdeturangtiaojianzaodaoyanzhongpohuai,zhishixiguabingchonghaifashengyuelaiyueyanzhong。
為避免這種情況繼續惡化,首先要從改善土壤生態條件入手,科學合理施肥。一、施足基肥。西瓜田塊基肥一般每畝施地施高生態肥40公斤或農家肥5000公斤,鈣鎂磷肥40~50公斤、尿素5公斤、氯化鉀8~10公斤。以溝施為宜,也可施於瓜畦上,後翻入土中。二、qiaoshimiaofei。zaijifeizhongyijingshirulebufenhuafeidedikuai,zhiyaomiaoqibuchuxianquefeizhengzhuang,kebuzhuifei。ruojifeizhongshirudehuafeijiaoshao,huoweishiruhuafeidedikuai,yingshiliangqiaozhuimiaofei。shifeishijianyiyoumiaochangdao2片真葉時為宜,或在澆催苗水之前,每畝追施4~5公斤尿素。苗期追肥切忌過多、距根部過近,以免燒根造成僵苗。三、追伸蔓肥。西瓜瓜蔓伸長以後,應在澆催蔓水之前施伸蔓肥。一般每畝追施地施高生態肥10~20公斤,尿素20~25公斤,硫酸鉀10~12公斤。伸蔓肥以溝施為宜,但開溝不宜太靠近瓜株,以免傷根,施肥後蓋土。四、zhuoshizuoguafei。xiguakaihuaqianhou,shizuoguadeguanjianshiqi,weilequebaozhengchangzuogua,yibanlaishuobuyaozhuifei。danzaiyouguachangdaoyadandaxiaoshi,xiguajinruxifeigaofengqi,ciqiruoquefeibujinyingxiangxiguadepengdaerqiehuizaochenghouqituofei,shizhizhuzaoshuai,jijiangdixiguachanliang,youyingxiangxiguadepinzhi。suoyiyaozhuoshizuoguafei,yibankeyonggaonongdufuhefei5~10公斤對水淋施。五、後hou期qi適shi當dang噴pen施shi葉ye麵mian肥fei。西xi瓜gua膨peng瓜gua後hou根gen係xi的de吸xi肥fei能neng力li已yi明ming顯xian減jian弱ruo,為wei彌mi補bu根gen係xi吸xi肥fei不bu足zu並bing確que保bao西xi瓜gua的de正zheng常chang成cheng熟shu,可ke進jin行xing葉ye麵mian噴pen施shi追zhui肥fei,如ru噴pen施shi0.2%~0.3%的尿素溶液等。
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