利li用yong沿yan海hai池chi塘tang養yang殖zhi海hai蜇zhe,在zai渤bo海hai灣wan濱bin州zhou沿yan海hai,已yi成cheng為wei繼ji海hai水shui池chi塘tang養yang殖zhi南nan美mei白bai對dui蝦xia後hou的de又you一yi大da亮liang點dian。山shan東dong沾zhan化hua漁yu業ye局ju經jing過guo二er三san年nian的de反fan複fu試shi驗yan養yang殖zhi,發fa現xian五wu種zhong外wai界jie因yin素su對dui海hai蜇zhe生sheng長chang至zhi關guan重zhong要yao。
一、餌料生物的數量。海蜇的生長離不開餌料,因海蜇隻攝食活的浮遊生物,如:橈足類、枝角類、小xiao型xing甲jia殼ke類lei及ji部bu分fen有you機ji碎sui屑xie,尤you其qi喜xi愛ai輪lun蟲chong和he鹵lu蟲chong。在zai平ping時shi的de養yang殖zhi中zhong,人ren們men主zhu要yao是shi通tong過guo換huan水shui和he人ren工gong施shi肥fei來lai維wei持chi水shui中zhong餌er料liao生sheng物wu量liang,以yi促cu進jin海hai蜇zhe的de快kuai速su生sheng長chang。養yang殖zhi前qian期qi,池chi塘tang內nei浮fu遊you生sheng物wu充chong足zu,基ji礎chu餌er料liao較jiao好hao,稚zhi蜇zhe攝she食shi量liang低di,海hai蜇zhe的de餌er料liao不bu成cheng問wen題ti。但dan當dang傘san徑jing長chang到dao10厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),因(yin)其(qi)晝(zhou)夜(ye)攝(she)食(shi),攝(she)食(shi)量(liang)大(da),池(chi)塘(tang)內(nei)浮(fu)遊(you)生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)數(shu)量(liang)已(yi)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)生(sheng)長(chang)需(xu)要(yao)。此(ci)時(shi),一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)在(zai)養(yang)成(cheng)池(chi)塘(tang)內(nei)一(yi)角(jiao)專(zhuan)門(men)用(yong)篩(shai)絹(juan)網(wang)圍(wei)成(cheng)橈(rao)足(zu)類(lei)培(pei)養(yang)池(chi),對(dui)其(qi)施(shi)肥(fei),人(ren)工(gong)管(guan)理(li),及(ji)時(shi)把(ba)橈(rao)足(zu)類(lei)捕(bu)撈(lao)到(dao)養(yang)成(cheng)池(chi),這(zhe)時(shi)海(hai)蜇(zhe)又(you)開(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)長(chang);另一方麵收購或采捕天然輪蟲、鹵lu蟲chong或huo枝zhi角jiao類lei,進jin行xing活huo體ti投tou喂wei,效xiao果guo也ye非fei常chang明ming顯xian,海hai蜇zhe迅xun速su恢hui複fu生sheng長chang。可ke見jian池chi塘tang內nei餌er料liao生sheng物wu的de存cun池chi量liang,對dui海hai蜇zhe的de快kuai速su生sheng長chang起qi到dao了le關guan鍵jian性xing作zuo用yong。
二、進水和排水。養蜇先養水,水體要保持“肥、活、嫩、爽”,就(jiu)必(bi)須(xu)經(jing)常(chang)進(jin)排(pai)水(shui),為(wei)海(hai)蜇(zhe)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)提(ti)供(gong)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)餌(er)料(liao)生(sheng)物(wu)。一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),通(tong)過(guo)進(jin)排(pai)水(shui),可(ke)以(yi)補(bu)充(chong)水(shui)體(ti)中(zhong)的(de)浮(fu)遊(you)生(sheng)物(wu)量(liang),保(bao)證(zheng)有(you)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)餌(er)料(liao)生(sheng)物(wu);另一方麵,經常性的緩進緩排,不僅可以保證水體肥活嫩爽,而且對海蜇的生長還會起到刺激、促進作用。
三、保持水體理化因子的平衡。任何生物的生存、生長都與外界環境息息相關,海蜇也不例外,對溫度、鹽度、pH值、溶氧、氨氮等都有要求,在適應的條件下可以存活,在適宜的環境裏能快速生長,隻有當水溫在18~28℃、鹽度18‰~28‰、pH值7.5~8.5、溶氧≥1.5毫克/升時,海蜇活躍,攝食量增大,生長迅猛。
四、水體鹽度的高低。海蜇正常生長的鹽度範圍是12‰~35‰,在18‰~25‰deyanduneishengchangxunsu。tongguoduozuduibishiyankeyifaxian,zaiwaijiehuanjingtiaojianbubianshi,yanduyushengchangsududatichengfanbi,yejiushishuodangzaishiyidefanweinei,suizheyandudejiangdi,haizheshengchangsuduhuijiada,yinciyangzhihaizheshi,yingjingchangxingdetongguozhurudanshui,yijiangdichishuiyandu,laitigaohaizhedeshengchangsudu。
五、水體的初級生產力。專家多次論證的結果,與海蜇生長全過程中有直接關係的因素有六項指標,它們是初級生產力、光照強度、鹽度、透tou明ming度du和he浮fu遊you生sheng物wu,其qi中zhong初chu級ji生sheng產chan力li是shi影ying響xiang海hai蜇zhe生sheng長chang的de重zhong要yao因yin素su。在zai海hai蜇zhe的de生sheng長chang過guo程cheng中zhong極ji易yi發fa生sheng潰kui爛lan病bing,特te別bie是shi我wo們men渤bo海hai灣wan地di區qu,其qi重zhong要yao因yin素su便bian是shi初chu級ji生sheng產chan力li的de不bu足zu。據ju分fen析xi,初chu級ji生sheng產chan力li除chu受shou光guang照zhao、yanduheyingyangyandengyingxiangwai,zhuyaoshihaishuitoumingdudeyingxiang。genjutoumingduyuchujishengchanlichengzhengbideguanxi,zaiyidingdefanweinei,yaotongguozhurudanshuitigaoshuitidetoumingdu,baozhengyouchongzudechujishengchanli,yicujinhaizhedekuaisushengchang。
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