測土配方施肥不隻是通過化驗室分析結果，開個“方子”就可以“抓藥”。不同作物的肥料田間試驗是了解肥料施用效果、作物生長情況和養分吸收過程及結果最直接
、最(zui)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，是(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)測(ce)土(tu)配(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，是(shi)製(zhi)定(ding)作(zuo)物(wu)施(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)案(an)和(he)建(jian)議(yi)的(de)首(shou)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)，是(shi)建(jian)立(li)作(zuo)物(wu)施(shi)肥(fei)分(fen)區(qu)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)。肥(fei)料(liao)田(tian)間(jian)試(shi)驗(yan)也(ye)是(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)
、篩選、評價土壤養分測試方法，建立不同測試方法施肥指標的惟一基礎。因此，田間試驗是測土配方施肥的基礎。

　　測ce土tu不bu是shi測ce定ding每mei個ge農nong戶hu的de每mei個ge地di塊kuai的de養yang分fen含han量liang，而er是shi在zai一yi定ding的de範fan圍wei內nei選xuan擇ze一yi些xie代dai表biao性xing的de地di塊kuai，測ce定ding養yang分fen含han量liang
，給gei出chu作zuo物wu施shi肥fei方fang案an，其qi他ta類lei似si的de地di塊kuai參can照zhao代dai表biao性xing地di塊kuai的de施shi肥fei方fang案an進jin行xing
，所suo以yi不bu可ke能neng也ye沒mei有you必bi要yao測ce定ding每mei個ge農nong戶hu的de每mei個ge地di塊kuai的de土tu壤rang養yang分fen。

　　shiyanshejizaifeiliaoshiyanzhongzhanzhongyaodiwei。yaopingjiapeifangfeidexiaoguo，huojianlizuowuchanliangyushifeiliangzhijiandedingliangguanxi，doushejishiyanshejiwenti。yaopingjiafeiliaodexiaoguo，tongchangxuanyongshengchanzhongpubianshiyongdeyizhonghuojizhongfeiliaohuoyemianfeizuoweibijiaoduixiang，keyizaizengsheyigebushifeichuli。yaojianliyizhongzuowudechanliangyushifeiliangzhijiandedingliangguanxi，zainiyanjiudefeiliaozhongleimingquehou
，xuquedingmeigeyanjiuyinsudeshuiping
，ranhoujinxingshidangdezuhe
，keyihuodeshiyanfangan。ruoyanjiuyinsudeshuipingxuanqubudang，kenenghuicuoguozuijiadeshifeidianhuoshishiyancunzaijiaodadewucha；若選取的因素水平過多或組合不當，會增加試驗的工作量。

　　試驗設計的方法很多
，包括完全設計法
、正交設計法、junyunshejifahehuiguishejifadeng。zaifeiliaoshiyanzhong，keyigenjuxuyaoxuanyongshiyideshiyanshejifangfa。jianlizuowuchanliangyushifeiliangzhijiandeshuliangguanxishidingliangshifeidejichu。