常見的黴菌有綠色木黴、青黴、毛黴、曲黴和鏈孢黴。草菇的整個栽培過程都會發生黴菌危害,後期比前期多。其防治措施如下:
一是木黴在4℃~42℃都dou能neng生sheng長chang,孢bao子zi萌meng發fa喜xi高gao濕shi環huan境jing,侵qin害hai草cao菇gu培pei養yang基ji時shi,初chu期qi白bai色se棉mian絮xu狀zhuang,後hou期qi變bian為wei綠lv色se,菌jun種zhong如ru果guo被bei木mu黴mei危wei害hai,必bi須xu報bao廢fei,即ji使shi輕qing度du感gan病bing的de菌jun種zhong也ye應ying棄qi之zhi不bu用yong。對dui木mu黴mei至zhi今jin沒mei有you理li想xiang的de根gen治zhi性xing藥yao物wu,常chang用yong的de殺sha菌jun藥yao對dui木mu黴mei隻zhi是shi抑yi製zhi,而er不bu是shi殺sha死si,加jia大da藥yao量liang,隻zhi能neng同tong時shi殺sha死si木mu黴mei和he草cao菇gu菌jun絲si。因yin此ci,創chuang造zao適shi合he草cao菇gu菌jun絲si生sheng長chang而er不bu利li於yu木mu黴mei繁fan殖zhi的de生sheng態tai環huan境jing,是shi控kong製zhi危wei害hai的de根gen本ben措cuo施shi。一yi旦dan發fa生sheng木mu黴mei危wei害hai,要yao立li即ji通tong風feng降jiang溫wen,以yi抑yi製zhi木mu黴mei的de擴kuo展zhan,處chu於yu發fa菌jun階jie段duan的de培pei養yang料liao感gan病bing以yi後hou,可ke采cai用yong注zhu射she藥yao液ye的de方fang法fa抑yi製zhi木mu黴mei擴kuo張zhang。常chang用yong藥yao液ye:5%的石碳酸、2%的甲醛、50%多菌靈200倍液、75%甲基托布津、pH值為10的石灰水。此外,往汙染處撒白灰麵,防治效果也很好。
二是鏈孢黴生長初期呈絨毛狀,白色或灰色,生長後期呈粉紅色、黃huang色se。大da量liang分fen生sheng孢bao子zi堆dui集ji成cheng團tuan時shi,外wai觀guan與yu猴hou頭tou菌jun子zi實shi體ti相xiang似si,鏈lian孢bao黴mei主zhu要yao以yi分fen生sheng孢bao子zi傳chuan播bo危wei害hai,是shi高gao溫wen季ji節jie最zui易yi發fa生sheng的de雜za菌jun。鏈lian孢bao黴mei菌jun絲si頑wan強qiang有you力li,有you快kuai速su繁fan殖zhi的de特te性xing,一yi旦dan大da發fa生sheng,便bian是shi滅mie頂ding之zhi災zai,其qi後hou果guo是shi菌jun種zhong、培(pei)養(yang)袋(dai)或(huo)培(pei)養(yang)塊(kuai)成(cheng)批(pi)報(bao)廢(fei)。鏈(lian)孢(bao)黴(mei)的(de)藥(yao)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)可(ke)參(can)照(zhao)木(mu)黴(mei)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)。菌(jun)袋(dai)生(sheng)產(chan)時(shi),如(ru)果(guo)發(fa)現(xian)鏈(lian)孢(bao)黴(mei),在(zai)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)團(tuan)上(shang)滴(di)上(shang)柴(chai)油(you),可(ke)防(fang)止(zhi)鏈(lian)孢(bao)黴(mei)的(de)擴(kuo)散(san)。菌(jun)袋(dai)發(fa)菌(jun)後(hou)期(qi)受(shou)害(hai),一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)要(yao)輕(qing)易(yi)報(bao)廢(fei),可(ke)將(jiang)受(shou)害(hai)菌(jun)袋(dai)埋(mai)入(ru)深(shen)30~40厘米透氣性差的土壤中,經10~20天缺氧處理,可有效減輕病害,菌袋仍可出菇。
三是毛黴,又叫黑黴、長毛黴。菌絲初期白色,後灰白色至黑色,說明孢子囊大量成熟,該菌在土壤、糞便、禾草及空氣中到處存在。在溫度較高、濕度大、通tong風feng不bu良liang的de條tiao件jian下xia發fa生sheng率lv高gao。發fa生sheng的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin是shi基ji質zhi中zhong使shi用yong了le黴mei變bian的de原yuan料liao,接jie種zhong環huan境jing含han毛mao黴mei孢bao子zi多duo,在zai悶men濕shi環huan境jing中zhong進jin行xing菌jun絲si培pei養yang等deng。防fang治zhi方fang法fa同tong木mu黴mei。
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