8月yue中zhong旬xun,是shi花hua椒jiao成cheng熟shu收shou獲huo的de季ji節jie,也ye是shi一yi年nian中zhong管guan理li的de關guan鍵jian季ji節jie。花hua椒jiao采cai收shou後hou,營ying養yang的de支zhi付fu轉zhuan向xiang補bu充chong樹shu體ti的de消xiao耗hao,並bing開kai始shi貯zhu備bei和he用yong於yu枝zhi條tiao生sheng長chang。隻zhi有you在zai這zhe一yi時shi期qi加jia強qiang管guan理li,才cai能neng促cu使shi枝zhi條tiao健jian壯zhuang生sheng長chang,樹shu體ti營ying養yang物wu質zhi更geng多duo的de積ji累lei和he貯zhu存cun,為wei翌yi年nian增zeng產chan奠dian定ding堅jian實shi的de基ji礎chu。
保護葉片 花hua椒jiao采cai收shou後hou的de第di一yi任ren務wu是shi保bao護hu好hao葉ye片pian,因yin為wei這zhe一yi時shi期qi葉ye片pian製zhi造zao的de養yang分fen轉zhuan向xiang樹shu體ti營ying養yang積ji累lei。必bi須xu使shi花hua椒jiao在zai采cai收shou後hou到dao落luo葉ye前qian一yi直zhi保bao持chi葉ye片pian完wan整zheng濃nong綠lv,製zhi造zao更geng多duo的de養yang分fen。所suo以yi,采cai椒jiao後hou要yao立li即ji對dui樹shu體ti噴pen施shi一yi次ci0.3%磷酸二氫鉀+0.5%尿素+800倍甲基托布津混合溶液。
早施基肥 據試驗,8月中旬花椒采收後施用基肥比11月中旬施用基肥的增產9.1%。所以,花椒采收後立即施用基肥,此時地溫、氣(qi)溫(wen)較(jiao)高(gao),施(shi)肥(fei)後(hou)養(yang)分(fen)分(fen)解(jie)快(kuai),根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)較(jiao)快(kuai),能(neng)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)葉(ye)片(pian)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong),對(dui)恢(hui)複(fu)樹(shu)勢(shi)極(ji)為(wei)有(you)利(li)。同(tong)時(shi)正(zheng)值(zhi)花(hua)椒(jiao)根(gen)係(xi)第(di)三(san)次(ci)生(sheng)長(chang)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi),傷(shang)根(gen)容(rong)易(yi)愈(yu)合(he),並(bing)能(neng)刺(ci)激(ji)新(xin)根(gen)發(fa)出(chu)。地(di)上(shang)部(bu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)趨(qu)於(yu)停(ting)止(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang),根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)不(bu)斷(duan)積(ji)累(lei)、貯存,樹體營養水平不斷提高,有利於翌年萌芽、開花、坐果。施肥量應根據樹齡、樹勢、地力而定,一般結果盛期的椒樹,每株施用腐熟的有機肥30-50千克,配施0.3-0.5千克複合肥。施肥方法可采用環狀溝或放射溝施肥法,溝深以30厘米為宜。施肥後應立即澆水,效果更好。
控製旺長 youyujinnianchunjiezaoshouyanzhongdonghai,jiejiaojiaoshao,shutiyibanpianwang,fachudexinzhitiaojiaoduo,erqiemuzhihuachengdujiaocha,duishutianquanyuedongjiweibuli。yiyaozaihuajiaocaishouhou,duidashuwangzhijinxingqianglazhi、重拉枝,緩和樹勢,控製旺長。二要在花椒采收後向樹體噴施兩次多效唑,兩次間隔10天左右,控製旺長,確保花椒樹安全越冬。
培土壅根 花椒多栽植於溝坡或墊邊,受雨水的衝刷,部分根係外露,抑製新根萌生和吸收功能,抗凍、抗(kang)旱(han)性(xing)能(neng)降(jiang)低(di)。因(yin)此(ci),花(hua)椒(jiao)采(cai)收(shou)後(hou)要(yao)立(li)即(ji)進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)土(tu)壅(yong)根(gen),將(jiang)外(wai)露(lu)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)埋(mai)住(zhu),以(yi)利(li)根(gen)係(xi)向(xiang)縱(zong)深(shen)發(fa)展(zhan),提(ti)高(gao)抗(kang)旱(han)耐(nai)凍(dong)能(neng)力(li),增(zeng)強(qiang)吸(xi)收(shou)功(gong)能(neng)。
及早清園 采椒後,一要及時剪除枯枝、病bing蟲chong枝zhi,清qing除chu椒jiao園yuan的de落luo葉ye,帶dai出chu園yuan外wai集ji中zhong燒shao毀hui,減jian少shao越yue冬dong病bing蟲chong源yuan。二er要yao清qing除chu園yuan內nei及ji四si周zhou雜za草cao,減jian少shao養yang分fen消xiao耗hao,破po壞huai病bing蟲chong害hai越yue冬dong場chang所suo。三san要yao噴pen藥yao防fang病bing蟲chong,采cai椒jiao後hou要yao盡jin快kuai、詳細噴施一次殺蟲、殺菌劑,以減輕來年病蟲害的危害。
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