櫻(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)休(xiu)眠(mian)期(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)的(de)最(zui)佳(jia)時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)接(jie)近(jin)萌(meng)芽(ya)時(shi)。過(guo)早(zao)修(xiu)剪(jian)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)傷(shang)口(kou)失(shi)水(shui),導(dao)致(zhi)枝(zhi)條(tiao)枯(ku)死(si),還(hai)容(rong)易(yi)引(yin)起(qi)流(liu)膠(jiao)。而(er)在(zai)芽(ya)萌(meng)動(dong)後(hou)修(xiu)剪(jian),傷(shang)口(kou)愈(yu)合(he)快(kuai)。因(yin)此(ci),露(lu)地(di)櫻(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)的(de)修(xiu)剪(jian)宜(yi)在(zai)芽(ya)萌(meng)動(dong)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing),而(er)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)內(nei)的(de)櫻(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)則(ze)可(ke)在(zai)開(kai)始(shi)升(sheng)溫(wen)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)。
櫻桃樹休眠期修剪的常用方法有以下幾種:
1.短截。①輕短截,剪去櫻桃枝條的1/5~1/4。輕短截有削弱枝條頂端優勢的作用,有利於提高萌芽率,增加短枝量,形成較多的花束狀結果枝。因此,在幼樹上對水平枝、斜生枝進行輕短截,可以增加短枝量,有利於提早結果。②中短截,剪去枝條的1/3~1/2。在櫻桃樹整形修剪過程中,對骨幹枝以及外圍有生長空間的發育枝通常進行中短截,一般可促發中長枝3~5個,有利於擴大樹冠。③重短截,剪去枝條的2/3。zhezhongfangfaduoyongyuduiyoushudepinghengshushi,ruduiwangzhideyinianshengqiangwangzhishishizhongduanjie,kexuejianwangzhideshengchangshi。yekeyongyupeiyangjieguozhizu,ruduiguganzhibeishangzhixianzhongduanjie,yadifazhibuwei,diernianzaiduifachudezhitiaohuanfang,peiyangchengjieguozhizu。④極重短截,隻留基部4~5geyaduanjie。zhezhongfangfaduoyongyukongzhijingzhengzhiheguowangzhi。duiyaoshuchudezhitiaojibuyouyehuayashi,kexianjizhongduanjie,baoliujibudehuaya,daijieguohouzaishuchu。
2.疏枝。疏枝主要疏除過密枝、交(jiao)叉(cha)枝(zhi)和(he)重(zhong)疊(die)枝(zhi),可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)營(ying)養(yang)消(xiao)耗(hao),改(gai)善(shan)光(guang)照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian)。但(dan)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)櫻(ying)桃(tao)休(xiu)眠(mian)期(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)疏(shu)枝(zhi)不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)多(duo),以(yi)果(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收(shou)後(hou)調(tiao)整(zheng)樹(shu)形(xing)為(wei)主(zhu)。並(bing)要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)好(hao)傷(shang)口(kou),可(ke)用(yong)鉛(qian)油(you)塗(tu)抹(mo)傷(shang)口(kou),以(yi)免(mian)造(zao)成(cheng)傷(shang)口(kou)流(liu)膠(jiao)或(huo)幹(gan)裂(lie)。
3.回hui縮suo。回hui縮suo有you減jian少shao結jie果guo部bu位wei,節jie省sheng營ying養yang,增zeng強qiang生sheng長chang勢shi的de作zuo用yong,多duo用yong於yu結jie果guo枝zhi組zu的de更geng新xin複fu壯zhuang。如ru將jiang下xia垂chui枝zhi組zu縮suo剪jian到dao上shang位wei枝zhi處chu,將jiang衰shuai弱ruo枝zhi組zu縮suo剪jian到dao壯zhuang枝zhi處chu。對dui於yu盛sheng果guo期qi的de櫻ying桃tao樹shu,新xin梢shao生sheng長chang勢shi減jian弱ruo,有you些xie枝zhi條tiao下xia垂chui,樹shu冠guan中zhong下xia部bu出chu現xian光guang禿tu現xian象xiang,為wei了le改gai善shan光guang照zhao,減jian少shao大da枝zhi上shang小xiao枝zhi的de數shu量liang,使shi養yang分fen、水(shui)分(fen)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)應(ying)留(liu)下(xia)的(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao),回(hui)縮(suo)可(ke)使(shi)結(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)組(zu)得(de)到(dao)更(geng)新(xin)複(fu)壯(zhuang)。大(da)枝(zhi)回(hui)縮(suo)後(hou),在(zai)回(hui)縮(suo)部(bu)位(wei)一(yi)般(ban)能(neng)抽(chou)生(sheng)出(chu)幾(ji)個(ge)萌(meng)條(tiao),要(yao)從(cong)中(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)一(yi)個(ge)長(chang)勢(shi)健(jian)壯(zhuang)、方位適宜的留作更新枝,並及時調整好角度。多餘的萌條要抹除,以促進更新枝的生長。
4.緩放。對1nianshengzhibujiaxiujianjiaohuanfang。yibanqingkuangxia,huanfangzhitiaodeshengchangshizhunianjiangdi,zhongchangzhijianshao,duanzhihehuashuzhuangguozhizengjia,youliyujieguo。danduiqiangwangzhi,youqishizhiliqiangwangzhibuyihuanfang.即使緩放也一定要壓倒後再緩放。甜櫻桃的幼樹和初結果樹,可緩放些生長勢中等的平斜枝條,以促發較多的花束狀果枝,提早結果。
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