旺(wang)了(le)棵(ke)子(zi)不(bu)結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)界(jie)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)普(pu)遍(bian)現(xian)象(xiang),在(zai)棚(peng)室(shi)作(zuo)物(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)中(zhong),由(you)於(yu)密(mi)閉(bi)和(he)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian),此(ci)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)更(geng)為(wei)普(pu)遍(bian)發(fa)生(sheng),對(dui)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)很(hen)大(da)。
旺wang了le棵ke子zi即ji指zhi作zuo物wu植zhi株zhu徒tu長chang,無wu論lun瓜gua類lei還hai是shi茄qie果guo類lei蔬shu菜cai的de莖jing稈gan和he枝zhi葉ye生sheng長chang勢shi旺wang盛sheng,葉ye片pian大da而er綠lv,節jie間jian長chang而er細xi,枝zhi葉ye繁fan茂mao,株zhu間jian鬱yu閉bi,通tong風feng透tou光guang不bu良liang。不bu坐zuo果guo是shi指zhi無wu花hua蕾lei或huo花hua蕾lei小xiao而er瘦shou弱ruo,更geng多duo的de為wei坐zuo果guo時shi間jian晚wan,落luo花hua落luo果guo嚴yan重zhong或huo易yi發fa生sheng化hua瓜gua。
從cong植zhi物wu生sheng理li上shang分fen析xi,旺wang了le棵ke子zi不bu坐zuo果guo的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin是shi營ying養yang生sheng長chang與yu生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang不bu協xie調tiao,即ji作zuo物wu的de莖jing稈gan枝zhi葉ye生sheng長chang勢shi過guo強qiang,過guo於yu旺wang盛sheng時shi,消xiao耗hao了le大da量liang的de營ying養yang物wu質zhi,營ying養yang大da量liang被bei葉ye片pian和he生sheng長chang點dian奪duo走zou,使shi花hua芽ya分fen化hua或huo供gong應ying花hua果guo生sheng長chang的de營ying養yang缺que乏fa所suo引yin起qi。
在生產上導致作物徒長的主要原因有如下幾個:shouxianshiwendugao,wulundiwenhaishiqiwenzaijiaogaodeqingkuangxia,shengchangfayujinchengbiranjiakuai。qicishishiduda,jiaoshuichongzu,turanghanshuiliangjiaodadeqingkuangxia,nengzengjiajingyedeshengchangsudu。lingwai,guangzhaoruonengcujinyingyangshengchang,yizhishengzhiqiguandexingchenghefayu。zaishipianshihuafei,youqishidansuhuafei,zhijieyinqijingyedewangchang。wanglekeziwangwangshiyishangzongheyinsugongtongfashengzuoyongxingchengde。zaifangzhibingchonghaibudanghuobuliangqihouyingxiangxia,daozhihualeizuobuzhu,zhengzhidiaoyangbujishi,xingchengtianjianyubishi,yenengxingchengyueshizuobuzhuguoyueshiwangchangdeexingxunhuan。
預防旺棵子的主要措施,一是加強通風降溫;二是合理澆水,控製好土壤濕度;三是適當調節光照強度;四是氮磷鉀肥配合施用,不偏施氮肥;五是及時搞好病蟲害防治;六是適時整枝吊秧,打老葉、病葉,增強株間通風透光;七是中耕劃鋤促生新根;八是及時落蔓或培土。
當作物有徒長趨勢或已發生旺長時,可用植物激素進行化控。茄果類、瓜類或豆類蔬菜可在花期或苗期噴施5%矮壯素水劑2000倍,也可用5%助壯素水劑1000倍。如將多效唑對水稀釋成一定濃度,可用於噴霧、浸根、灌根,對防徒長、矮化植株,促進增產作用較好。噴施愛多收2000-3000倍也具有以上功效。
當落花落果發生時,除使用2,4-D或防落素點花、噴花外,可用2%萘乙酸鈉鹽水劑6000倍噴花序,瓜類在4-6葉期,噴施可促進雌花形成。用適當濃度的乙烯利噴施瓜類,有促進坐果或促生雌花的作用。
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