首先,從營養繁殖的年齡時期上看,果樹有一營養生長期,即從苗木定植到開始結果這段時期。幼年時期樹體特征為:樹(shu)體(ti)迅(xun)速(su)擴(kuo)大(da),開(kai)始(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)骨(gu)架(jia),肥(fei)水(shui)充(chong)足(zu)時(shi),生(sheng)長(chang)勢(shi)強(qiang)旺(wang),枝(zhi)條(tiao)多(duo)呈(cheng)直(zhi)立(li)狀(zhuang)態(tai),新(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)量(liang)大(da),葉(ye)片(pian)大(da),組(zu)織(zhi)不(bu)夠(gou)充(chong)實(shi),雖(sui)具(ju)有(you)開(kai)花(hua)結(jie)果(guo)能(neng)力(li),但(dan)由(you)於(yu)還(hai)沒(mei)有(you)形(xing)成(cheng)性(xing)器(qi)官(guan)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu),不(bu)能(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)花(hua)芽(ya),必(bi)須(xu)經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang),為(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)花(hua)芽(ya)奠(dian)定(ding)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)。果(guo)樹(shu)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)長(chang)短(duan),因(yin)樹(shu)種(zhong)、品種、砧木而異,如蘋果、梨一般為3~6年,桃、李、杏2~3年,柿4~6年,核桃2~8年。
其qi次ci,幼you旺wang樹shu,長chang枝zhi比bi例li多duo,葉ye片pian大da,葉ye色se濃nong,光guang合he功gong能neng強qiang,但dan積ji累lei水shui平ping不bu高gao,樹shu體ti營ying養yang水shui平ping低di,特te別bie是shi無wu機ji營ying養yang水shui平ping低di,澱dian粉fen積ji累lei晚wan。根gen生sheng長chang量liang大da,長chang根gen比bi例li相xiang對dui增zeng加jia,生sheng長chang勢shi強qiang,樹shu體ti各ge器qi官guan生sheng長chang節jie奏zou交jiao錯cuo幹gan擾rao,不bu易yi成cheng長chang。當dang然ran,樹shu體ti過guo旺wang,枝zhi繁fan葉ye茂mao,光guang照zhao條tiao件jian差cha,也ye不bu利li於yu花hua芽ya形xing成cheng。幼you旺wang樹shu從cong營ying養yang生sheng長chang向xiang生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang轉zhuan化hua,關guan鍵jian是shi通tong過guo緩huan勢shi修xiu剪jian、調控肥水,在保證樹體營養狀況良的基礎上,促進枝梢發育充實,積累能力強,提高樹體營養水平,並促其合理輸導分配。
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