草莓授粉不良易產生畸形果和坐果不整齊,若在棚內放養1-2箱蜜蜂,可明顯提高坐果率和減少畸形果的發生。放蜂時間在整個花期進行,放養量以每畝地2隻蜂箱為宜,授粉期間棚內白天溫度保持在20-25℃。
二要適度疏蕾
shidushulei,kecushidanguozhongzengjia,guoshichanliangtigao,guogedaxiaojunyun,chengshuqitizao,caishouqijizhong,caishoucishujianshao,congerzengchanzengzhi。caomeiyixiankaifangdedijicihuajieguohao,guogeda,chengshuzao,jiagegao。suizhehuaduojicizenggao,wangwangkaihuahoubunengxingchengguoshierchengweiwuxiaohua,huozhejishiyoudexingchengguoshi,yeyouyutaixiaowucaishoujiazhierchengweiwuxiaoguo。yinci,yingzaihualeifenlizhiyijihuoerjixuhuakaifangshi,genjuxiandingdeliuguoliang,shuchuhouqiweikaidehualei。
三要摘除老葉
草莓一年中新葉不斷發生,老葉也不斷形成。老葉具有較多抑製花芽分化的物質且營養消耗大於光合積累;bingyedaiyoubingjunyichuanbomanyan。yinci,yingshishishiliangdizhaichulaoye,jishizhaichucanyehebingye,bingjiangqidaichuyuanwaixiaohuihuoshenmai,congercujinhuayafenhua,jiangdiyangfenxiaohao,gaishantongfengtouguang,tigaoguanghexiaolv,jianshaobingchonghaifasheng,youliyucaomeizhizhushengchangfayu。
四要墊果提質
草cao莓mei植zhi株zhu矮ai小xiao,坐zuo果guo後hou果guo實shi下xia垂chui易yi接jie觸chu地di麵mian,易yi使shi果guo實shi被bei泥ni土tu汙wu染ran和he病bing蟲chong危wei害hai,也ye易yi造zao成cheng果guo實shi著zhe色se不bu均jun,影ying響xiang果guo實shi品pin質zhi,因yin此ci需xu要yao墊dian果guo。草cao莓mei墊dian果guo最zui好hao采cai用yong地di膜mo覆fu蓋gai,結jie合he土tu壤rang管guan理li,一yi舉ju多duo得de。沒mei有you地di膜mo,也ye可ke在zai現xian蕾lei後hou鋪pu上shang切qie碎sui的de稻dao草cao或huo麥mai秸jie墊dian果guo。墊dian果guo材cai料liao在zai果guo實shi采cai收shou後hou應ying及ji時shi撤che除chu,以yi利li於yu中zhong耕geng施shi肥fei等deng田tian間jian管guan理li。
五要除匍匐莖
草(cao)莓(mei)葡(pu)匐(fu)莖(jing)消(xiao)耗(hao)母(mu)株(zhu)營(ying)養(yang),易(yi)使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)鬱(yu)閉(bi)擁(yong)擠(ji),影(ying)響(xiang)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)。因(yin)而(er)摘(zhai)除(chu)甸(dian)甸(dian)莖(jing),可(ke)明(ming)顯(xian)避(bi)免(mian)消(xiao)耗(hao),改(gai)善(shan)光(guang)照(zhao),有(you)利(li)於(yu)花(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua),增(zeng)強(qiang)越(yue)冬(dong)能(neng)力(li),提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)實(shi)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)質(zhi)。在(zai)果(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育(yu)期(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)匍(pu)匐(fu)莖(jing),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)。人(ren)工(gong)摘(zhai)除(chu)匍(pu)匐(fu)莖(jing)費(fei)工(gong),可(ke)試(shi)用(yong)多(duo)效(xiao)唑(zuo)、青鮮素或矮壯素等,來抑製匍匐莖的發生。摘除匍匐莖可結合中耕、培土、摘葉等管理進行。
高gao級ji次ci花hua序xu易yi出chu現xian雌ci雄xiong性xing不bu稔ren,開kai花hua後hou疏shu除chu一yi定ding的de高gao級ji次ci花hua果guo,不bu僅jin可ke降jiang低di畸ji形xing果guo率lv,也ye有you利li於yu集ji中zhong養yang分fen供gong應ying低di級ji次ci花hua果guo發fa育yu,使shi果guo個ge增zeng大da,提ti高gao整zheng齊qi度du。值zhi得de注zhu意yi的de是shi在zai寒han冬dong時shi,對dui肥fei用yong的de清qing水shui應ying盡jin可ke能neng調tiao至zhi接jie近jin棚peng內nei的de溫wen度du為wei宜yi;暖棚草莓追葉肥後,應適時、適量打開門窗或棚膜通風換氣,降低棚室濕度。
六要葉麵噴肥
草莓葉麵追肥具有成本低、肥料利用率高、肥效快、增產、品質優、投入少、回hui報bao率lv高gao等deng優you點dian。一yi般ban在zai棚peng室shi草cao莓mei花hua期qi時shi噴pen施shi硼peng肥fei,果guo實shi膨peng大da時shi噴pen施shi磷lin酸suan二er氫qing鉀jia加jia尿niao素su,或huo過guo磷lin酸suan鈣gai加jia尿niao素su等deng液ye肥fei。同tong時shi,還hai要yao選xuan在zai晴qing天tian下xia午wu2-3時為宜;10-15天1次,連噴2-3次。為防止浪費和肥害,必須控製好濃度和用量,各有關肥料使用濃度應控製在:尿素0.3%-0.5%,過磷酸鈣2%-4%,磷酸二氫鉀0.25-0.4%,硼肥0.05-0.1%a。一般每畝地施肥液30-40千克。
七要防病治蟲
為防治花期發生葉斑病、白粉病和灰黴病,可噴施50%多菌靈500倍液、70%甲基托布津1000倍液、20%粉鏽靈乳劑1500倍液等。防治蚜蟲可噴施50%抗蚜威可濕性粉劑2000-3000倍液;防治紅蜘蛛,宜噴施5%尼索朗乳油2000倍液。
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