生(sheng)物(wu)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)作(zuo)為(wei)實(shi)驗(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)中(zhong)最(zui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)儀(yi)器(qi)
，頻(pin)繁(fan)使(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)後(hou)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)一(yi)些(xie)故(gu)障(zhang)
，使(shi)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)無(wu)法(fa)正(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)。由(you)於(yu)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)精(jing)密(mi)貴(gui)重(zhong)儀(yi)器(qi)，不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)隨(sui)時(shi)添(tian)置(zhi)和(he)更(geng)新(xin)。因(yin)此(ci)，及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)除(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)，使(shi)它(ta)經(jing)常(chang)處(chu)於(yu)完(wan)好(hao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)就(jiu)顯(xian)得(de)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)了(le)。筆(bi)者(zhe)在(zai)幾(ji)年(nian)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)實(shi)驗(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)中(zhong)，總(zong)結(jie)了(le)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)一(yi)些(xie)常(chang)見(jian)故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)修(xiu)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)，供(gong)大(da)家(jia)參(can)考(kao)。

 

一、粗調失靈

 

故(gu)障(zhang)現(xian)象(xiang)是(shi)當(dang)轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗(cu)準(zhun)焦(jiao)螺(luo)旋(xuan)時(shi)，鏡(jing)筒(tong)不(bu)能(neng)隨(sui)之(zhi)升(sheng)降(jiang)。顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)鏡(jing)簡(jian)的(de)升(sheng)降(jiang)是(shi)靠(kao)齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)因(yin)條(tiao)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)，而(er)齒(chi)輪(lun)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)的(de)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)上(shang)，齒(chi)條(tiao)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)鏡(jing)筒(tong)上(shang)。當(dang)轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)時(shi)，齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)條(tiao)使(shi)鏡(jing)筒(tong)升(sheng)降(jiang)。如(ru)果(guo)鏡(jing)筒(tong)不(bu)能(neng)隨(sui)之(zhi)升(sheng)降(jiang)
，說(shuo)明(ming)齒(chi)輪(lun)與(yu)齒(chi)條(tiao)沒(mei)有(you)吻(wen)合(he)。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)隨(sui)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)紐(niu)一(yi)起(qi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)，即(ji)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)上(shang)的(de)二(er)個(ge)止(zhi)動(dong)螺(luo)釘(ding)沒(mei)有(you)把(ba)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)燕(yan)尾(wei)導(dao)軌(gui)上(shang)。修(xiu)理(li)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)把(ba)齒(chi)輪(lun)移(yi)到(dao)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)缺(que)口(kou)中(zhong)間(jian)，並(bing)讓(rang)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)的(de)缺(que)口(kou)麵(mian)向(xiang)齒(chi)條(tiao)，再(zai)用(yong)小(xiao)螺(luo)絲(si)刀(dao)將(jiang)尾(wei)導(dao)軌(gui)端(duan)麵(mian)上(shang)的(de)二(er)個(ge)止(zhi)動(dong)螺(luo)釘(ding)旋(xuan)緊(jin)。如(ru)果(guo)無(wu)效(xiao)，說(shuo)明(ming)齒(chi)條(tiao)磨(mo)損(sun)嚴(yan)重(zhong)
，則(ze)需(xu)取(qu)下(xia)鏡(jing)筒(tong)，旋(xuan)出(chu)齒(chi)條(tiao)上(shang)、下xia的de固gu定ding螺luo釘ding，將jiang齒chi條tiao倒dao過guo來lai使shi用yong，因yin為wei齒chi條tiao磨mo損sun主zhu要yao發fa生sheng在zai齒chi條tiao的de上shang部bu。或huo者zhe根gen據ju齒chi條tiao寬kuan度du剪jian一yi條tiao金jin屬shu薄bo片pian


，讓rang金jin屬shu薄bo片pian鑲xiang嵌qian在zai齒chi條tiao上shang，並bing用yong固gu定ding螺luo釘ding把ba薄bo片pian和he齒chi條tiao固gu定ding在zai鏡jing筒tong上shang，插cha上shang鏡jing筒tong調tiao試shi。如ru感gan到dao有you鬆song緊jin情qing況kuang
，則ze可ke更geng換huan金jin屬shu薄bo片pian的de厚hou度du，直zhi至zhi合he適shi為wei止zhi。或huo者zhe按an原yuan型xing號hao規gui格ge向xiang生sheng產chan廠chang家jia購gou買mai新xin齒chi條tiao。

 

二、鏡筒自行下滑

 

故(gu)障(zhang)現(xian)象(xiang)是(shi)當(dang)焦(jiao)距(ju)對(dui)準(zhun)後(hou)，手(shou)鬆(song)開(kai)準(zhun)焦(jiao)螺(luo)旋(xuan)
，鏡(jing)簡(jian)會(hui)自(zi)行(xing)下(xia)滑(hua)，導(dao)致(zhi)焦(jiao)距(ju)不(bu)準(zhun)。顯(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)粗(cu)調(tiao)構(gou)造(zao)中(zhong)，齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)的(de)鬆(song)緊(jin)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)用(yong)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)與(yu)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)來(lai)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)

，而(er)齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)與(yu)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)是(shi)由(you)與(yu)齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)連(lian)接(jie)的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)粗(cu)調(tiao)旅(lv)鈕(niu)通(tong)過(guo)兩(liang)個(ge)塑(su)料(liao)墊(dian)圈(quan)緊(jin)壓(ya)在(zai)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)端(duan)麵(mian)上(shang)而(er)取(qu)得(de)的(de)。糧(liang)調(tiao)旋(xuan)或(huo)與(yu)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)端(duan)麵(mian)壓(ya)得(de)越(yue)緊(jin)
，得(de)到(dao)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)就(jiu)越(yue)大(da)。鏡(jing)筒(tong)自(zi)行(xing)下(xia)滑(hua)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)墊(dian)圈(quan)使(shi)用(yong)日(ri)久(jiu)
，磨(mo)損(sun)變(bian)形(xing)，導(dao)致(zhi)齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)與(yu)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)減(jian)少(shao)，齒(chi)輪(lun)軸(zhou)與(yu)齒(chi)杆(gan)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力(li)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)力(li)矩(ju)克(ke)服(fu)不(bu)了(le)鏡(jing)筒(tong)自(zi)身(shen)重(zhong)力(li)而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)力(li)矩(ju)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)。修(xiu)理(li)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)，雙(shuang)手(shou)各(ge)握(wo)一(yi)側(ce)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)，相(xiang)對(dui)按(an)照(zhao)順(shun)時(shi)針(zhen)方(fang)向(xiang)擰(ning)緊(jin)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)。如(ru)果(guo)無(wu)效(xiao)，則(ze)需(xu)加(jia)厚(hou)墊(dian)圈(quan)。用(yong)尖(jian)嘴(zui)鉗(qian)插(cha)入(ru)任(ren)一(yi)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)端(duan)麵(mian)的(de)雙(shuang)眼(yan)螺(luo)母(mu)內(nei)，將(jiang)其(qi)旋(xuan)出(chu)，取(qu)下(xia)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)，取(qu)出(chu)塑(su)料(liao)墊(dian)圈(quan)，用(yong)青(qing)殼(ke)紙(zhi)或(huo)薄(bo)塑(su)料(liao)片(pian)剪(jian)一(yi)個(ge)直(zhi)徑(jing)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)墊(dian)圈(quan)，夾(jia)在(zai)原(yuan)墊(dian)圈(quan)與(yu)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)之(zhi)間(jian)
，重(zhong)新(xin)裝(zhuang)好(hao)，如(ru)果(guo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)很(hen)費(fei)力(li)
，說(shuo)明(ming)墊(dian)圈(quan)加(jia)得(de)太(tai)厚(hou)了(le)，應(ying)換(huan)個(ge)薄(bo)些(xie)的(de)墊(dian)圈(quan)，總(zong)之(zhi)以(yi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗(cu)調(tiao)旋(xuan)或(huo)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)阻(zu)力(li)又(you)要(yao)鏡(jing)筒(tong)不(bu)易(yi)自(zi)行(xing)下(xia)滑(hua)為(wei)準(zhun)。

 

三、集光器不能定位或卡死

 

常見的集光器有二種：yizhongshiyuanpanhuoguanglan
，zaiyuanpanbuyoudaxiaobudengdeyuankong。zhezhongguanglanshiyikaozaiwutaixiamiandedingweidanhuanghegunzhukazaiyuanpandedingweikongzhonglaidingweide。danggunzhuyishihuodanhuangshixiaoshidoukenengzaochengguangzhubunengdingwei。xiulifangfashigenghuangunzhuhuodanhuang。xianzaiyoudechangjiayijingbazhezhongyikaodanhuanghegunzhudedingweifangfagaiweiyikaodanhuangpianlaidingwei，zhezhongjiegougenglaogu，gengburongyisunhuai。lingyizhongshicaihongshiguangzhu
，tashiyoushierpianyuanhuxingbogangpian（即遮光片）組zu成cheng。隻zhi要yao撥bo動dong滑hua動dong權quan上shang的de手shou柄bing，就jiu可ke以yi任ren意yi改gai變bian光guang圈quan的de大da小xiao。其qi常chang見jian的de故gu障zhang是shi遮zhe光guang片pian上shang的de小xiao鋼gang柱zhu脫tuo落luo，造zao成cheng手shou柄bing卡ka死si，光guang圈quan無wu法fa改gai變bian。修xiu理li方fang法fa是shi
，用yong小xiao螺luo絲si刀dao把ba光guang欄lan上shang的de二er個ge固gu定ding螺luo釘ding鬆song開kai
，取qu出chu遮zhe光guang片pian，把ba脫tuo落luo的de小xiao銅tong柱zhu重zhong新xin裝zhuang在zai遮zhe光guang片pian上shang，並bing用yong502膠(jiao)水(shui)把(ba)小(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)膠(jiao)牢(lao)
，防(fang)止(zhi)其(qi)再(zai)脫(tuo)落(luo)。安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)，每(mei)片(pian)遮(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)上(shang)的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)小(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)方(fang)向(xiang)要(yao)相(xiang)反(fan)。或(huo)者(zhe)找(zhao)一(yi)小(xiao)段(duan)粗(cu)細(xi)和(he)這(zhe)光(guang)片(pian)上(shang)的(de)孔(kong)徑(jing)配(pei)合(he)緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)銅(tong)導(dao)線(xian)製(zhi)作(zuo)成(cheng)小(xiao)銅(tong)柱(zhu)裝(zhuang)上(shang)，然(ran)後(hou)把(ba)光(guang)欄(lan)的(de)底(di)板(ban)（帶有十二個小孔的圓板叫底板）朝上，把每片遮光片～端duan的de小xiao銅tong柱zhu插cha在zai底di板ban的de小xiao孔kong內nei，並bing按an逆ni時shi外wai方fang向xiang逐zhu片pian排pai列lie整zheng齊qi。再zai讓rang滑hua動dong板ban上shang的de滑hua動dong槽cao依yi次ci套tao在zai上shang述shu遮zhe光guang片pian另ling一yi端duan的de小xiao銅tong柱zhu上shang
，蓋gai上shang蓋gai板ban
，把ba三san個ge固gu定ding螺luo釘ding擰ning緊jin即ji可ke，如ru果guo遮zhe光guang片pian斷duan裂lie一yi片pian
，隻zhi要yao把ba斷duan裂lie的de遮zhe光guang片pian取qu出chu光guang欄lan仍reng可ke以yi正zheng常chang使shi用yong
，斷duan裂lie兩liang片pian以yi上shang應ying向xiang生sheng產chan廠chang家jia購gou買mai更geng換huan。

 

四
、傾斜關節過鬆

 

傾qing斜xie關guan節jie是shi指zhi鏡jing臂bi與yu鏡jing柱zhu連lian接jie處chu的de活huo動dong關guan節jie，使shi用yong顯xian微wei鏡jing時shi，常chang將jiang鏡jing臂bi向xiang後hou傾qing斜xie成cheng便bian於yu觀guan察cha的de角jiao度du
，期qi使shi用yong後hou，傾qing斜xie關guan節jie就jiu可ke能neng鬆song動dong
，造zao成cheng鏡jing臂bi不bu能neng隨sui意yi傾qing斜xie。修xiu理li辦ban法fa是shi，是shi尖jian嘴zui鉗qian分fen別bie插cha入ru傾qing斜xie關guan節jie端duan麵mian的de二er個ge雙shuang眼yan螺luo母mu內nei，順shun時shi針zhen旋xuan轉zhuan，直zhi至zhi鏡jing臂bi傾qing斜xie時shi鬆song緊jin適shi度du。如ru果guo無wu效xiao，則ze可ke能neng是shi鏡jing臂bi與yu鏡jing柱zhu兩liang端duan麵mian的de摩mo擦ca墊dian圈quan磨mo損sun，需xu加jia厚hou墊dian圈quan，用yong尖jian嘴zui銷xiao將jiang雙shuang眼yan螺luo母mu旋xuan下xia，取qu出chu轉zhuan動dong軸zhou
，用yong青qing殼ke紙zhi或huo薄bo塑su料liao片pian剪jian一yi個ge直zhi徑jing相xiang同tong的de奎kui圖tu將jiang原yuan墊dian圈quan加jia厚hou
，重zhong新xin組zu裝zhuang好hao。

 

五．反光鏡的插腳在插座內過鬆或過緊

 

反光鏡插腳結構常見有二種：yizhongshizaichajiaoshangkaitiaocao

，yikaocaodekuanzhailaitiaojiechajiaozaichazuozhongdesongjinyishujiaozaichazuozhongguosongshi，keyongyiziluosidaocharuchajiaodecaonei
，shicaodekaikouzengda，congershichajiaozaichazuoneidesongjinheshi。fanzhi，dangchajiaoguojin
，keyonggangsiqianbachajiaoshangcaodekaikoushouxiao。lingyizhongshiyikaozhijinluodinglaitiaojiechajiaozaichazuoneiyajiangjin，dangchajiaozaichazuoneiguosongshi，keyongluosidaoningjinzhijinluoding。ruguochajiaozaichazuoneiguojin，dangzhuandongfanguangjingshi
、易把插腳扭斷
，可用螺絲刀把止緊螺釘擰鬆即可。

 

yishangxianweijingchangjianguzhangdexiuli
，bingbushifenkunnan，zhiyaoyourenshaojiadianbo，yibandeshiyanjiaoshidounengyixuejiuhui。xianweijingzaishiyongzhongchuxianguzhang
，shizhongxiaoxueshiyanjiaoxuepubiancunzaidexianxiang，zhiyaowomenrenzhendiduidai．及時修理、就可以使顯微鏡經常保持在正常狀態。