科學選肥 速生苗木追肥應選用速效肥料,如硫酸銨、尿素、氯化銨、氯化鉀等,施用前充分粉碎,並嚴格掌握用量。也可選用優質有機肥,如人畜糞水、草木灰、huotuhuijijieganduifeideng,danyaochongfenfushu,qiejiyongshengfen。youjifeiliaozuojifei,yaoshenshiyugengcengzhongshangbu,bingyuturangchongfenhunhe。renchufenjiaolinshinongduyixi。danfeizaiturangzhongyidongxingjiaoqiang,kekaigouqiancengshiyong,rangqimanmanshentoudaogenxifenbucengnei,yilimiaomuxishou;鉀肥移動性差,磷肥移動性更差,宜打穴(洞)深施至根係分布密集區。
土壤狀況 速su生sheng苗miao木mu追zhui肥fei要yao根gen據ju土tu壤rang肥fei力li狀zhuang況kuang施shi用yong不bu同tong肥fei料liao。如ru石shi灰hui性xing或huo強qiang酸suan性xing土tu壤rang苗miao圃pu,易yi缺que磷lin,要yao增zeng施shi磷lin肥fei,特te別bie是shi加jia大da速su效xiao磷lin用yong量liang。一yi般ban土tu壤rang以yi氮dan肥fei為wei主zhu,如ru果guo氮dan素su充chong分fen,就jiu應ying增zeng加jia磷lin鉀jia肥fei。土tu壤rang質zhi地di不bu同tong,營ying養yang條tiao件jian和he保bao肥fei能neng力li也ye有you差cha別bie,因yin而er施shi肥fei方fang法fa不bu同tong。土tu壤rang保bao肥fei能neng力li好hao,每mei次ci追zhui肥fei量liang可ke多duo些xie,次ci數shu少shao些xie;保肥力差的沙壤苗圃,追肥則可“少吃多餐”。
天氣條件 速生苗木追肥根據天氣條件決定施肥次數和施肥量。溫度低,吸收少,施用量應適當減少;溫(wen)度(du)高(gao),根(gen)係(xi)生(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)盛(sheng),吸(xi)肥(fei)多(duo),用(yong)量(liang)應(ying)適(shi)當(dang)增(zeng)加(jia)。具(ju)體(ti)時(shi)間(jian)最(zui)好(hao)選(xuan)擇(ze)天(tian)氣(qi)晴(qing)朗(lang),土(tu)壤(rang)幹(gan)燥(zao)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)。陰(yin)雨(yu)天(tian)一(yi)般(ban)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)水(shui)分(fen)慢(man),不(bu)但(dan)養(yang)分(fen)不(bu)易(yi)吸(xi)收(shou),而(er)且(qie)肥(fei)分(fen)也(ye)易(yi)被(bei)雨(yu)水(shui)衝(chong)失(shi),不(bu)適(shi)合(he)施(shi)肥(fei)。
生長時期 速苗木生長分出苗期、幼苗期、速生期和硬化期四個階段。出苗期苗木不能自行製造養分,靠種子貯存的養分,不施肥。幼苗期是指幼苗地上部分出現真葉、dixiabushengchucegen,daoyoumiaoshengchangliangdafushangshengweizhi,zheshiduidanhelinbijiaomingan,yingjishizhuishishiliangsuxiaodanfeihelinfei。sushengqimiaomudishangbuhedixiabutongshishengchang,duiyangliaoxuqiuliangda,yingzengjiadanfeiyongliangjicishu,binganbilishiyonglinjiafei。houqiyingtingshidanfei,yijiaweizhu,linweifu,cujinzhijingmuzhihua。daoleyinghuaqiyaofangzhituchang,tingzhishiyongfeiliao,yitigaomiaomukangxing。tongshi,duigenxiqiangda、分布較遠的苗木,肥料宜深施,並施於樹冠外圍。主根欠發達,根係分布淺的苗木,施肥要淺。
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