生sheng菜cai褐he斑ban病bing是shi由you半ban知zhi菌jun亞ya門men的de萵wo苣ju褐he斑ban尾wei孢bao黴mei菌jun或huo香xiang蕉jiao褐he斑ban尾wei孢bao黴mei菌jun侵qin染ran引yin起qi的de真zhen菌jun病bing害hai,主zhu要yao危wei害hai葉ye片pian。葉ye片pian上shang的de病bing斑ban表biao現xian兩liang種zhong症zheng狀zhuang,一yi種zhong是shi發fa病bing初chu期qi呈cheng水shui漬zi狀zhuang,後hou逐zhu漸jian擴kuo大da為wei圓yuan形xing至zhi不bu規gui則ze形xing,出chu現xian褐he色se至zhi暗an灰hui色se病bing斑ban,直zhi徑jing2~10毫米;另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)深(shen)褐(he)色(se)病(bing)斑(ban),邊(bian)緣(yuan)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze),外(wai)圍(wei)具(ju)水(shui)漬(zi)狀(zhuang)暈(yun)圈(quan)。環(huan)境(jing)濕(shi)度(du)大(da)時(shi),病(bing)斑(ban)上(shang)生(sheng)暗(an)灰(hui)色(se)黴(mei)狀(zhuang)物(wu),嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)病(bing)斑(ban)相(xiang)互(hu)融(rong)合(he),致(zhi)葉(ye)片(pian)變(bian)褐(he)幹(gan)枯(ku)。第(di)一(yi)種(zhong)褐(he)斑(ban)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)是(shi)由(you)萵(wo)苣(ju)褐(he)斑(ban)尾(wei)孢(bao)黴(mei)菌(jun)引(yin)起(qi),而(er)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)褐(he)斑(ban)尾(wei)孢(bao)黴(mei)菌(jun)則(ze)引(yin)起(qi)第(di)二(er)種(zhong)褐(he)斑(ban)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)。病(bing)菌(jun)以(yi)菌(jun)絲(si)體(ti)和(he)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)叢(cong)在(zai)病(bing)殘(can)體(ti)上(shang)越(yue)冬(dong),以(yi)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)進(jin)行(xing)初(chu)侵(qin)染(ran)和(he)再(zai)侵(qin)染(ran),借(jie)氣(qi)流(liu)和(he)雨(yu)水(shui)濺(jian)射(she)傳(chuan)播(bo)蔓(man)延(yan)。在(zai)連(lian)續(xu)陰(yin)雨(yu)雪(xue)天(tian)氣(qi)、植株生長不良或偏施氮肥致長勢過旺時,會導致病情的發生加重。
主要防治方法:1.清潔田園,及時把病殘體攜出園外燒毀。2.合理施肥。采用配方施肥技術,增施有機肥及磷、鉀肥,避免偏施氮肥,使植株健壯生長,增強抗病力。3.藥劑防治。發病初期可噴40%多·硫懸浮劑500倍液,或75%百菌清可濕性粉劑1000倍液加70%甲基托布津可濕性粉劑1000倍液,或50%撲海因可濕性粉劑1200~1500倍液,或60%琥乙膦鋁可濕性粉劑500倍液等,每10天左右噴灑一次,連續防治2~3次。采收前5~7天停止用藥。
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