番茄嫁接方法有多種,如用斜切接、劈接和舌靠接等3種zhong常chang用yong嫁jia接jie方fang法fa。通tong過guo實shi驗yan對dui比bi研yan究jiu表biao明ming,以yi舌she靠kao接jie是shi最zui佳jia的de嫁jia接jie方fang法fa,斜xie切qie接jie和he劈pi接jie次ci之zhi。經jing舌she靠kao接jie嫁jia接jie,嫁jia接jie苗miao可ke以yi得de到dao高gao的de成cheng活huo率lv,表biao現xian出chu在zai株zhu高gao、砧粗和穗粗上與另兩種嫁接方法差異極顯著。分析原因,相對於斜切接而言,原因可能主要是此嫁接法接穗、砧木並未完全斷開,有利於愈傷的形成,恢複生長快(幾乎沒有停止生長),而斜切接僅依靠細胞間的滲透作用;相對於劈接而言,不僅如此,還可能因為劈接法接穗和砧木的形成層、weiguanshubunengshixianhaodeduijie。danshiyouyukaojiebilingwailiangzhongfangfagengrongyiganrantuchuanbinghai,suoyi,zaiyumiaoshibixuxuanzewujuntupeiyang。shiyongwujuntu,zhedianzaixianzaiguangdanonghushengchanshanghaibijiaonanyizuodao。erqieshekaojiefahaiyaoqiujiajieshiyiqixiangyu,zhejiuyaoqiushengchanzhechongfenlejiezhenmuhejiesuideshengchangfayutexing,yijiduiwenduheguangzhaodefanyingqingkuang。zhedianyeshiyigebijiaonanyizhangwodejishu。weicituierqiuqici,xianzaidaduoshushijishengchanshanghaishicaiyongpijiefajinxingjiajie。
一、pinzhongxuanzezhuyaoshizhenmudexuanze,yibanxuanzegaokanggenjiexianchongbingheqingkubingdeyeshengxuanyufanqiezhong,xianzaiguoneijinxingfanqiejiajieshangchuyushiyanjieduan,yaowanquandikangsuoyouqingkubingyazhongdezhenmuhaimeiyou,tongchangzhishigaokangqizhongdejizhongyazhong。suoyibixumingquezhongzhidifanqieqingkubingdeshengliyazhong,zaixuanzexiangyingdezhenmu。yibancaiyongdefangfajiushicongbutongdediqugoumaiduogezhenmujinxingshiyanxingzaipeilaiqueding。
接穗可以使用常規品種。
二、砧木、接穗適宜播期劈接法一般砧木要提前播種7-10天,在一葉一心時將砧木假植到營養杯中。當砧木長到8至l0厘米高,莖粗0.5至0.8厘米即可嫁接,用刀片橫切砧木莖,去掉上部,再由莖中間劈開,向開口縱切1至1.5厘米,然後將接穗苗拔起,保留上片2至3pianzhenye,yongdaopianqiediaoxiabu,bashangbuqiekaichuxuechengxiexing,xiexingdedaxiaoyingyuzhenmuqiekouxiangdang,suijijiangjiesuicharuzhenmuzhong,duiqihouyongjiaziguding。zaiyoutiaojiandeqingkuangxia,jiesuikecaiyongfanqiemubendezhizhuyeya,jinengjieyuezhongzichengben,younengtigaojiajiechenghuolv,hainengtizaojieguoshangshiqi。
三、嫁接苗管理嫁接後要及時將苗床充分澆水,蓋上小拱棚密閉。6-7天內不得放風,保持95%以上的空氣濕度。溫度白天20-26℃,夜間16-20℃。防止溫度過高和過低。在溫度過高、陽光強烈的時候要加蓋遮陽網。在低溫時期要用地熱線等人工補充溫度防止植株受到凍害。
嫁接後4-5天(tian)要(yao)全(quan)部(bu)遮(zhe)光(guang),以(yi)後(hou)每(mei)天(tian)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)加(jia)見(jian)光(guang)時(shi)間(jian)。隨(sui)著(zhe)傷(shang)口(kou)的(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)愈(yu)合(he),撤(che)掉(diao)遮(zhe)陽(yang)網(wang),並(bing)揭(jie)開(kai)兩(liang)側(ce)塑(su)料(liao)薄(bo)膜(mo)通(tong)風(feng),開(kai)始(shi)通(tong)風(feng)要(yao)小(xiao),逐(zhu)漸(jian)加(jia)大(da)。通(tong)風(feng)期(qi)間(jian)棚(peng)內(nei)要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du),地(di)麵(mian)要(yao)經(jing)常(chang)澆(jiao)水(shui),完(wan)全(quan)成(cheng)活(huo)後(hou)轉(zhuan)入(ru)正(zheng)常(chang)管(guan)理(li)。成(cheng)活(huo)後(hou)及(ji)時(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)砧(zhen)木(mu)萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)側(ce)芽(ya),待(dai)接(jie)口(kou)愈(yu)合(he)牢(lao)固(gu)後(hou)去(qu)掉(diao)夾(jia)子(zi)。
四、定植及初期管理大棚番茄嫁接栽培的施肥很重要,要求每畝施農家肥5000至6000公斤、蔬菜專用複合肥4O-60公斤。全部施於地麵,翻入土壤中混合均勻。每畝栽l800-2000株(大棚)。地溫l5℃以(yi)上(shang)後(hou)開(kai)始(shi)定(ding)植(zhi),地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋(gai),定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)選(xuan)晴(qing)好(hao)天(tian)氣(qi),先(xian)打(da)孔(kong)澆(jiao)水(shui),再(zai)移(yi)栽(zai)水(shui)滲(shen)下(xia)去(qu)後(hou)覆(fu)上(shang)封(feng)嚴(yan)孔(kong)口(kou)。注(zhu)意(yi)嫁(jia)接(jie)時(shi)刀(dao)口(kou)位(wei)置(zhi)要(yao)高(gao)於(yu)廂(xiang)麵(mian)一(yi)定(ding)距(ju)離(li),以(yi)防(fang)接(jie)穗(sui)根(gen)受(shou)到(dao)二(er)次(ci)汙(wu)染(ran)致(zhi)病(bing)。定(ding)植(zhi)後(hou)注(zhu)意(yi)密(mi)閉(bi)保(bao)溫(wen)不(bu)通(tong)風(feng),一(yi)周(zhou)即(ji)可(ke)緩(huan)苗(miao),緩(huan)苗(miao)後(hou)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)管(guan)理(li):上午25℃-3O℃,當超過35℃時應適當放風降溫,下午28℃-30℃,低於25℃時要關棚保溫,保持白天20℃以上,夜間l0℃-l5℃。
手機版




