脫水馬鈴薯丁是一種高質量的馬鈴薯食品,在食品市場上的地位越來越重要,可用於各種食品如罐頭肉、燜牛肉、凍肉餡餅、湯類、馬鈴薯沙拉等中。
工藝流程
馬鈴薯→清洗→去皮→切丁→漂燙→冷水洗滌→化學處理→幹燥→篩分→冷卻→包裝
操作要點
(1)原料:在(zai)選(xuan)用(yong)原(yuan)料(liao)時(shi),要(yao)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)還(hai)原(yuan)糖(tang)與(yu)固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)總(zong)含(han)量(liang)的(de)測(ce)定(ding)。在(zai)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)脫(tuo)水(shui)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)與(yu)糖(tang)可(ke)能(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)反(fan)應(ying),引(yin)起(qi)褐(he)變(bian),因(yin)此(ci)應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)還(hai)原(yuan)糖(tang)含(han)量(liang)低(di)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)。固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)的(de)原(yuan)料(liao)製(zhi)成(cheng)脫(tuo)水(shui)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)丁(ding),能(neng)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)優(you)良(liang)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)。各(ge)類(lei)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)密(mi)度(du)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)不(bu)同(tong),相(xiang)對(dui)密(mi)度(du)大(da)的(de)原(yuan)料(liao)具(ju)有(you)優(you)良(liang)的(de)烹(peng)飪(ren)特(te)性(xing)。
除了以上兩種因素外,還應考慮到馬鈴薯的大小、類型是否一致,是否光滑,有沒有發芽現象。同時還要把馬鈴薯切開,檢查其內部是否有不同程度的壞死及其他病蟲害,並檢查其色澤、氣味、味道等。
(2)洗淨:bixujiangmalingshuqingxiganjing,chuquqishangzhanfudenitu,jianshaowurandeweishengwu,tongshiduitigaomalingshudewenduyehenyouli。qingxizhihouyaolikejinxingchubujianzha,chudiaoyinqingweifalv、黴爛、機械損傷或其他病害而不適宜加工的馬鈴薯。
(3)去皮:youyumalingshuzaishouhuohoubunengjishijinxingjiagong,erjingguoyiduanshijiandezhuzanghou,qupibijiaokunnan,caiyongzhengqiqupihejianyequpidefangfabijiaoyouxiao。jiagongjijiezaoqiyongzhengqiqupiweiyi,buxiangjianyequpisunshida;後期采用堿液去皮會更經濟和適宜些。
馬ma鈴ling薯shu去qu皮pi時shi使shi用yong蒸zheng汽qi或huo堿jian液ye常chang常chang能neng加jia劇ju其qi褐he變bian的de發fa生sheng。在zai馬ma鈴ling薯shu的de邊bian緣yuan,尤you其qi是shi維wei管guan束shu周zhou圍wei出chu現xian變bian黑hei的de反fan應ying物wu,比bi其qi他ta部bu分fen更geng集ji中zhong些xie。變bian色se的de程cheng度du取qu決jue於yu馬ma鈴ling薯shu暴bao露lu在zai空kong氣qi中zhong的de程cheng度du。因yin此ci應ying盡jin量liang減jian少shao去qu皮pi馬ma鈴ling薯shu暴bao露lu在zai空kong氣qi中zhong的de時shi間jian,或huo者zhe向xiang馬ma鈴ling薯shu表biao麵mian淋lin水shui,或huo者zhe將jiang馬ma鈴ling薯shu浸jin於yu水shui中zhong,這zhe樣yang就jiu可ke心xin減jian少shao變bian色se現xian象xiang。若ruo其qi變bian色se傾qing向xiang嚴yan重zhong時shi,可ke采cai用yong二er氧yang化hua硫liu和he亞ya硫liu酸suan鹽yan等deng還hai原yuan化hua合he物wu溶rong液ye來lai保bao持chi馬ma鈴ling薯shu表biao麵mian的de濕shi潤run。
(4)切丁:切(qie)丁(ding)前(qian)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)類(lei),揀(jian)選(xuan)去(qu)不(bu)合(he)格(ge)薯(shu)塊(kuai)。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)理(li)時(shi),必(bi)須(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)薯(shu)塊(kuai)在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)暴(bao)露(lu)的(de)時(shi)間(jian),以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)其(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)過(guo)分(fen)的(de)氧(yang)牝(pin),同(tong)時(shi)通(tong)過(guo)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)輸(shu)送(song)線(xian)上(shang)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)個(ge)噴(pen)水(shui)器(qi),不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)噴(pen)水(shui),保(bao)持(chi)瑪(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)濕(shi)潤(run)。
馬ma鈴ling薯shu塊kuai切qie丁ding是shi在zai標biao準zhun化hua的de切qie丁ding機ji裏li進jin行xing的de,將jiang馬ma鈴ling薯shu送song入ru切qie丁ding機ji的de同tong時shi需xu加jia入ru一yi定ding流liu量liang的de水shui以yi保bao持chi刀dao口kou的de濕shi潤run與yu清qing潔jie。被bei切qie開kai的de馬ma鈴ling薯shu表biao麵mian在zai漂piao燙tang前qian必bi須xu洗xi幹gan淨jing。馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding大da小xiao應ying根gen據ju市shi場chang及ji食shi用yong者zhe的de要yao求qiu而er定ding。
(5)漂燙:馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)塊(kuai)莖(jing)中(zhong)包(bao)含(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)酶(mei),這(zhe)些(xie)酶(mei)在(zai)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)新(xin)陳(chen)代(dai)謝(xie)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)起(qi)著(zhe)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。有(you)的(de)酶(mei)可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)切(qie)開(kai)的(de)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)變(bian)黑(hei),有(you)的(de)參(can)與(yu)碳(tan)水(shui)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)的(de)變(bian)化(hua),有(you)的(de)酶(mei)則(ze)使(shi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)中(zhong)的(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)分(fen)解(jie)。用(yong)加(jia)熱(re)或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)一(yi)些(xie)方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)這(zhe)些(xie)酶(mei)破(po)壞(huai),或(huo)使(shi)其(qi)失(shi)去(qu)活(huo)力(li)。漂(piao)燙(tang)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)沾(zhan)染(ran)。馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)丁(ding)在(zai)切(qie)好(hao)後(hou),加(jia)熱(re)至(zhi)94~1OO℃jinxingpiaotang。piaotangfangfashizaishuizhonghuozhengqizhongjinxingde。yongzhengqipiaotangshi,jiangmalingshudingzhiyubuxiugangshusongqidexuanguashipidaishang,gengxianjindeshifangruluoxuanshishusongqizhong,shiqibaoluzaizhengqizhongjiare。zaitongchangqingkuangxia,zhengqipiaotangsuosunshidekerongxingguxingwubishuipiaotangshao,zheshiyouyuyongshuipiaojishi,malingshuzhongdekerongxingguxingwuzhidourongzaileshuizhong。
漂燙時間從2min到12min不等,視所用溫度高低、馬鈴薯丁用大小、漂燙機容量、漂(piao)燙(tang)機(ji)內(nei)熱(re)量(liang)分(fen)布(bu)是(shi)否(fou)均(jun)勻(yun)以(yi)及(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)等(deng)而(er)異(yi)。漂(piao)燙(tang)程(cheng)度(du)對(dui)成(cheng)品(pin)的(de)質(zhi)地(di)與(yu)外(wai)觀(guan)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)影(ying)響(xiang),漂(piao)燙(tang)過(guo)度(du)會(hui)使(shi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)變(bian)軟(ruan)或(huo)成(cheng)糊(hu)狀(zhuang)。漂(piao)燙(tang)之(zhi)後(hou)要(yao)立(li)即(ji)噴(pen)水(shui)衝(chong)洗(xi)除(chu)去(qu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)膠(jiao)狀(zhuang)澱(dian)粉(fen),以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)其(qi)在(zai)脫(tuo)水(shui)時(shi)出(chu)現(xian)粘(zhan)連(lian)現(xian)象(xiang)。
(6)化學處理:malingshudingzaipiaotangzhihou,xulijiyongyaliusuanyanrongyepenlin。yongyaliusuanyanchulihoudemalingshuding,zaituoshuishiyunxushiyongjiaogaodewendu,zheyangkeyitigaotuoshuidesuduhegongchangdeshengchannengli,zaijiaogaodewenduxiatuoshuikechanshengzhidishusongdechanpin,erqiechanpindefushuixingnenghao,haikeyifangzhiqizaituoshuishichanshengfeimeihebianyujiaohuaxianxiang,youliyuchanpinzhuzang。danyinggaizhuyichanpindehanshuiliangbunengguogao,fouzehuishiyaliusuanyanshixiao。chengpinzhongeryanghualiudehanliangbudechaoguo0.05%。
氯化鈣具有使馬鈴薯丁質地堅實、避bi免mian其qi變bian軟ruan和he控kong製zhi熱re能neng損sun耗hao的de效xiao果guo。當dang馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding從cong漂piao燙tang機ji中zhong出chu來lai時shi,立li即ji噴pen灑sa含han有you氯lv化hua鈣gai的de溶rong液ye,可ke以yi防fang止zhi馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding在zai烹peng調tiao時shi變bian軟ruan,並bing使shi之zhi迅xun速su複fu水shui。但dan在zai進jin行xing鈣gai鹽yan處chu理li時shi,不bu能neng同tong時shi使shi用yong亞ya硫liu酸suan鈉na,以yi免mian產chan生sheng亞ya硫liu酸suan鈣gai沉chen澱dian。
(7)脫水幹燥:脫水速度的快慢影響到產品的密度,脫水速度越快,密度也越低。通過帶式烘幹機脫水,可以很方便地控製溫度、風量和風速,以獲得最佳產品。在帶式烘幹機上,烘幹的溫度一般從135℃逐漸下降到79℃約1h,要求水分到26%~35%;從89℃逐漸下降到60℃,為2~3h要求水分降低至10%~15%;從 60℃降到37.5℃為4~8h,水分降到10%以下。現代新技術的發展,使用微波進行馬鈴薯丁脫水,效果好、速度快。在幾分鍾內,即可將馬鈴薯丁的含水量下降到2%~3%。kuaisutuoshuihaihuichanshengyizhongpaomozuoyong,duifushuihenyouhaochu。malingshuzhongdeshuifentouguobiaomianxunsukuosan,keyifangzhiyinzhouweikongqiganzaoerbansuichanshengdebiaomianbianyingxianxiang。
(8)分類篩選:產chan品pin在zai脫tuo水shui後hou要yao進jin行xing檢jian查zha,將jiang變bian色se的de馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding除chu掉diao。可ke用yong手shou工gong檢jian選xuan,也ye可ke用yong電dian子zi分fen類lei檢jian選xuan機ji。加jia工gong過guo程cheng中zhong,成cheng品pin中zhong總zong會hui夾jia雜za著zhe一yi些xie不bu合he要yao求qiu的de部bu分fen,如ru馬ma鈴ling薯shu皮pi、黑斑、黃化塊等,使用氣動力分離機進行除雜檢選,可使產品符合規定,保持其大小均勻,沒有碎片和小塊。
(9)包裝:包裝一般多采用牛皮紙袋包裝,其重量從2.3kg至4.6kg不等。亦可用盒、袋、蠟紙包裝。
手機版




