揚州出入境檢驗檢疫局

朱海波 施建軍

 

摘要：本ben文wen主zhu要yao就jiu出chu口kou食shi品pin生sheng產chan企qi業ye監jian管guan形xing式shi發fa生sheng變bian化hua的de新xin形xing勢shi下xia建jian立li行xing之zhi有you效xiao的de出chu口kou食shi品pin生sheng產chan企qi業ye衛wei生sheng注zhu冊ce登deng記ji備bei案an製zhi度du的de必bi要yao性xing
，以yi及ji重zhong點dian就jiu如ru何he發fa揮hui好hao這zhe一yi製zhi度du的de準zhun入ru作zuo用yong，如ru何he抓zhua好hao這zhe一yi製zhi度du的de監jian管guan環huan節jie
，從cong而er使shi質zhi量liang提ti升sheng要yao求qiu真zhen正zheng落luo到dao實shi處chu等deng闡chan明ming了le相xiang應ying觀guan點dian。

關鍵詞：出口食品生產企業 衛生注冊登記 備案 質量提升

dangqian

，zhiliangtishenghuodongzhengzaiquanguoshangxiahonghonglieliedikaizhan。zaichukoushipinshengchanqiyedezhiliangtishenggongzuozhong，ruherangweishengzhucedengjibeianzhidugenghaodifahuiqizuoyong

，benwenjiucizuoyitantao。

一、建立新形勢下行之有效的出口食品生產企業衛生注冊登記備案製度的必要性

《食品安全法》第六章第六十八條規定：chukoushipinshengchanqiyeyingdangxiangguojiachurujingjianyanjianyibumenbeian。yuwoguoyuanxiandechukoushipinshengchanqiyeweishengzhucedengjizhiduxiangbi，congzimianshangkansihubianhuajiaoda，youguandianrenweibeianzhidudeyaoqiubiweishengzhucedengjizhidudeyaoqiujiangdile，qiyezhiyaojiangxiangguanqingkuanggaozhijianyanjianyijigou

，jirenweishibeianle，jiukeyishengchanchukoushipinle，yuanxiandexianchangkaohedengzhunrutiaojianyebuxuyaole。

筆(bi)者(zhe)不(bu)同(tong)意(yi)上(shang)述(shu)觀(guan)點(dian)。這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)眾(zhong)多(duo)
，在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)獲(huo)準(zhun)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)前(qian)，長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)低(di)，國(guo)內(nei)監(jian)管(guan)職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)門(men)由(you)於(yu)客(ke)觀(guan)條(tiao)件(jian)、人力資源和監管方式等的限製
，大多要求不高，監管頻次不多

，導致食品安全管理方麵存在先天不足，《食品安全法》zhongdeweishengyaoqiuyeweizhenzhengluoshidaowei。mianduiriyikekedeguowaishipinanquanfaguiyaoqiu，ruguojinjinshishangshuyibanyiyishangdebeian，nanyibaozhengshengchanchufuheguowaishipinanquanfaguiyaoqiudechanpin。yejiushishuo
，zaimuqianguoneishipinshengchanqiyeguanlishuipingpubianbugaodexingshixia，chukoushipinshengchanqiyebeianzhiduyingdangyibaozhengchukoushipinanquanweigenbenchufadianhelizudian，bushidanchundejianhuahuofangkai，ershishiyuanxiandechukoushipinshengchanqiyezhucedengjizhidugengweikexue，xingchengxinxingshixiaxingzhiyouxiaodechukoushipinshengchanqiyezhucedengjibeianzhidu。

同時
，筆者還認為：《食品安全法》中zhong備bei案an製zhi度du的de提ti出chu更geng加jia強qiang調tiao了le出chu口kou食shi品pin生sheng產chan企qi業ye作zuo為wei食shi品pin安an全quan第di一yi責ze任ren人ren的de主zhu體ti地di位wei，出chu口kou食shi品pin生sheng產chan企qi業ye應ying當dang自zi覺jiao執zhi行xing相xiang關guan衛wei生sheng要yao求qiu，將jiang相xiang關guan執zhi行xing情qing況kuang如ru實shi告gao知zhi檢jian驗yan檢jian疫yi部bu門men
，以yi及ji自zi覺jiao接jie受shou檢jian驗yan檢jian疫yi部bu門men的de監jian管guan。然ran而er

，目mu前qian的de現xian狀zhuang是shi國guo內nei的de食shi品pin生sheng產chan企qi業ye大da多duo按an照zhao他ta們men長chang期qi形xing成cheng的de思si維wei定ding勢shi
，把ba出chu口kou食shi品pin生sheng產chan企qi業ye的de衛wei生sheng注zhu冊ce登deng記ji備bei案an工gong作zuo等deng同tong於yu一yi般ban意yi義yi上shang的de檢jian查zha
，敷fu衍yan了le事shi，應ying付fu了le事shi，沒mei有you從cong根gen本ben上shang樹shu立li食shi品pin安an全quan的de主zhu體ti意yi識shi，沒mei有you能neng夠gou借jie助zhu衛wei生sheng注zhu冊ce登deng記ji備bei案an工gong作zuo切qie實shi提ti高gao食shi品pin安an全quan管guan理li水shui平ping。

綜上所述，應當建立新形勢下的出口食品生產企業注冊登記備案製度


，在現階段，該製度應當保留準入條件和現場考核。

二
、如何建立新形勢下行之有效的出口食品生產企業衛生注冊登記備案製度

㈠ 發揮好出口食品生產企業衛生注冊登記備案製度的準入作用。

對dui於yu初chu次ci考kao核he發fa證zheng工gong作zuo
，隻zhi能neng加jia強qiang，不bu能neng削xue弱ruo。檢jian驗yan檢jian疫yi機ji構gou可ke以yi認ren定ding或huo推tui薦jian一yi批pi有you資zi質zhi的de專zhuan業ye谘zi詢xun機ji構gou
，幫bang助zhu企qi業ye建jian立li起qi真zhen正zheng符fu合he食shi品pin安an全quan要yao求qiu、規範化的、為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)量(liang)身(shen)定(ding)做(zuo)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)係(xi)。在(zai)備(bei)案(an)前(qian)，企(qi)業(ye)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)係(xi)應(ying)當(dang)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)期(qi)
，積(ji)累(lei)一(yi)些(xie)真(zhen)實(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)原(yuan)始(shi)數(shu)據(ju)和(he)管(guan)理(li)經(jing)驗(yan)
，並(bing)與(yu)進(jin)口(kou)國(guo)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)規(gui)要(yao)求(qiu)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)。應(ying)當(dang)加(jia)強(qiang)一(yi)線(xian)操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)知(zhi)應(ying)會(hui)及(ji)衛(wei)生(sheng)素(su)養(yang)的(de)考(kao)核(he)，加(jia)強(qiang)檢(jian)驗(yan)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)能(neng)力(li)測(ce)試(shi)
，如(ru)可(ke)行(xing)時(shi)，由(you)檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫(yi)機(ji)構(gou)認(ren)可(ke)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)培(pei)訓(xun)機(ji)構(gou)對(dui)檢(jian)驗(yan)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)一(yi)線(xian)操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓(xun)考(kao)核(he)，並(bing)頒(ban)發(fa)上(shang)崗(gang)證(zheng)。結(jie)合(he)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估(gu)和(he)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)管(guan)理(li)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)考(kao)核(he)組(zu)的(de)現(xian)場(chang)預(yu)訪(fang)問(wen)環(huan)節(jie)，以(yi)初(chu)步(bu)了(le)解(jie)被(bei)考(kao)核(he)企(qi)業(ye)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)
，確(que)定(ding)能(neng)否(fou)進(jin)入(ru)正(zheng)式(shi)考(kao)核(he)環(huan)節(jie)。可(ke)以(yi)考(kao)慮(lv)建(jian)立(li)各(ge)類(lei)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)管(guan)理(li)標(biao)杆(gan)，對(dui)於(yu)考(kao)核(he)通(tong)過(guo)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)，考(kao)慮(lv)建(jian)立(li)考(kao)核(he)等(deng)次(ci)
，便(bian)於(yu)日(ri)後(hou)確(que)定(ding)重(zhong)點(dian)監(jian)管(guan)企(qi)業(ye)時(shi)參(can)考(kao)。對(dui)考(kao)核(he)人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)當(dang)嚴(yan)格(ge)把(ba)關(guan)，真(zhen)正(zheng)能(neng)夠(gou)找(zhao)出(chu)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)“增值”的關鍵問題
，防止個別考核人員的個人理解和能力所限而誤導企業。

    總之，要切實提高衛生注冊登記備案證書的“含金量”，使之真正成為企業的“金字招牌”、企業已具備一定的食品安全管理水平的證明文件。在認證證書泛濫的今天，給顧客和消費者提供信心。

㈡ 抓好出口食品生產企業衛生注冊登記備案製度的監管環節。

jianyanjianyijigouderichangjianguanhedingqijianguanshichukoushipinshengchanqiyeweishengzhucedengjibeianzhidudezhongyaohuanjie，danruguojixiedizhixingzheliangzhongjianguanfangshi，zekenenghuijiangdijianguanxiaoguo。jianyanjianyirenyuanweilewanchengjianguanyaohaofeidaliangdeshijianhejingli，danzhongdianwangwangbunengtuchu。chukoushipinshengchanqiyeyeshimangyuyingfujianzha
，wangwangmeiyouzhenzhengguanzhushipinanquanguanlitixiyunxingdeyouxiaoxing。

xianzaibushaochukoushipinshengchanqiyedouanzhuanglejiankongxitong，keyikaolvjiadaduiqiyeshipinjianguandelidu。chongfenliyongchukoushipinshengchanqiyeyuanchengjiankongxitong，jiaqiangduiqiyeguanjiankongzhihuanjiedeshishikongzhi。keyikaolvjiadafeixingjianzhadelidu，gengduodilejieqiyeshipinanquanguanlitixidezhenshiqingkuang。keyikaolvjieheqiyedekaohedengci

，quedingjianguandefangshiheneirong。genjuchukoushipinshengchanqiyedefenleiqingkuang
，zhenduibutongdeguanlishuipinghechengxindengjiquedingbutongdejianguanpinci。jianguanrenyuanyingdangtigaoyewusuzhihegoutongxietiaonengli，keyiheqiyegongtongtantaojiejuewentidefangan，bimianzhuguanyiduanhexianruweizhu。jianyanjianyirenyuanyingdangbenzheweixiaofeizheshengminganquangaodufuzedejingshenyanjinrenzhendikaizhanjianguangongzuo，ganyudapoxingye“潛規則”
，敢於頂真，防止“三聚氰胺”等deng悲bei劇ju的de重zhong演yan。對dui發fa現xian存cun在zai重zhong大da食shi品pin質zhi量liang安an全quan問wen題ti的de，應ying當dang從cong重zhong從cong快kuai處chu罰fa，並bing在zai一yi定ding範fan圍wei內nei予yu以yi通tong報bao，有you效xiao用yong好hao衛wei生sheng注zhu冊ce登deng記ji備bei案an製zhi度du的de退tui出chu機ji製zhi。

總(zong)之(zhi)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)衛(wei)生(sheng)注(zhu)冊(ce)登(deng)記(ji)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)公(gong)信(xin)力(li)與(yu)美(mei)譽(yu)度(du)，提(ti)高(gao)出(chu)口(kou)食(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)自(zi)覺(jiao)運(yun)行(xing)食(shi)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)意(yi)識(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫(yi)後(hou)續(xu)監(jian)管(guan)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)和(he)效(xiao)率(lv)，是(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)活(huo)動(dong)應(ying)當(dang)重(zhong)點(dian)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)環(huan)節(jie)。