近紅外光譜儀的分類方式比較多，但市場上分類主要還是按照儀器的分光器件不同來分，一般可分為4種主要類型：濾光片型

、光柵色散型、傅立葉變換型和聲光調製濾光器型。其中光柵色散型又有光柵掃描單通道和非掃描固定光路多通道檢測之分。

非掃描固定光路多通道近紅外光譜儀器是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)多(duo)通(tong)道(dao)光(guang)敏(min)器(qi)件(jian)而(er)得(de)名(ming)。這(zhe)類(lei)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)色(se)散(san)係(xi)統(tong)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)平(ping)麵(mian)光(guang)柵(zha)或(huo)全(quan)息(xi)光(guang)柵(zha)，與(yu)光(guang)柵(zha)掃(sao)描(miao)型(xing)相(xiang)比(bi)，光(guang)柵(zha)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)轉(zhuan)動(dong)即(ji)可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)確(que)定(ding)波(bo)長(chang)範(fan)圍(wei)的(de)掃(sao)描(miao)。多(duo)通(tong)道(dao)檢(jian)測(ce)器(qi)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)：二極管陣列（Photodiode Array
，縮寫為PDA）和電荷耦合器件（Charger Coupled Device
，縮寫為CCD）。gaileixingyiqiceliangdebochangfanweiqujueyujianceqiguangminyuanjiandecailiao，ruguijiguangminyuanjiandexiangyingfanweizaiduanbojinhongwaiquyu。zheleiyiqidezuidatedianshiyiqineibuwukeyidongbujian，yiqidewendingxinghekangganraoxingnenghao；另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)個(ge)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)掃(sao)描(miao)速(su)度(du)快(kuai)，一(yi)般(ban)單(dan)張(zhang)光(guang)譜(pu)的(de)掃(sao)描(miao)速(su)度(du)隻(zhi)有(you)幾(ji)十(shi)毫(hao)秒(miao)。這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)特(te)點(dian)的(de)結(jie)合(he)
，使(shi)該(gai)類(lei)儀(yi)器(qi)特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合(he)作(zuo)為(wei)現(xian)場(chang)或(huo)在(zai)線(xian)分(fen)析(xi)儀(yi)器(qi)使(shi)用(yong)。多(duo)通(tong)道(dao)型(xing)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)取(qu)決(jue)於(yu)光(guang)柵(zha)性(xing)能(neng)
、jianceqidexiangsuyijixiafengdechicun。zaiquedingdebochangfanweinei
，jianceqidexiangsuyuegao，suojiancedaodeyangpinxinxiyuefengfu，danyibanxiangsuyuegaodejianceqijiageyeyuegao。

濾光片型近jin紅hong外wai光guang譜pu儀yi器qi可ke分fen為wei固gu定ding濾lv光guang片pian和he可ke調tiao濾lv光guang片pian兩liang種zhong形xing式shi。固gu定ding濾lv光guang片pian型xing光guang譜pu儀yi是shi近jin紅hong外wai光guang譜pu儀yi器qi的de最zui早zao設she計ji形xing式shi，這zhe種zhong儀yi器qi首shou先xian要yao根gen據ju測ce定ding樣yang品pin的de光guang譜pu特te征zheng選xuan擇ze適shi當dang波bo長chang的de濾lv光guang片pian。該gai類lei型xing儀yi器qi的de特te點dian是shi設she計ji簡jian單dan、成本低
、光通量大
、信號記錄快、堅固耐用

；danzheleiyiqizhinengzaidanyibochangxiaceding
，linghuoxingjiaocha

，ruyangpindejitifashengbianhua，wangwanghuiyinqijiaodadeceliangwucha。ketiaolvguangpianxingguangpuyicaiyonglvguanglun
，keyigenjuxuyaobijiaofangbiandizaiyigehuojigebochangxiajinxingceding。zhezhongyiqiyibanzuozhuanyongfenxi，ruliangshishuifencedingyi。youyulvguangpianshuliangyouxian，hennanfenxifuzatixideyangpin。

掃描型儀(yi)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)光(guang)柵(zha)的(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)，使(shi)單(dan)色(se)光(guang)按(an)波(bo)長(chang)高(gao)低(di)依(yi)次(ci)通(tong)過(guo)測(ce)樣(yang)器(qi)件(jian)，與(yu)樣(yang)品(pin)作(zuo)用(yong)後(hou)，進(jin)入(ru)檢(jian)測(ce)器(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)。與(yu)濾(lv)光(guang)片(pian)型(xing)的(de)近(jin)紅(hong)外(wai)光(guang)譜(pu)儀(yi)器(qi)相(xiang)比(bi)，色(se)散(san)型(xing)近(jin)紅(hong)外(wai)光(guang)譜(pu)儀(yi)器(qi)具(ju)有(you)可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)全(quan)譜(pu)掃(sao)描(miao)、分辨率較高、yiqijiaweishizhonghebianyuweihudengyoudian，qizuidaderuodianshiguangzhahuofanguangjingdejixiezhouchengchangshijianlianxushiyongrongyimosun，yingxiangbochangdejingduhezhongxianxing，kangzhenxingjiaocha
，yibanbushihezuoweiguochengfenxiyiqishiyong。

傅立葉變換guangpujishushiliyongganshetuheguangputuzhijiandeduiyingguanxi，tongguoceliangganshetuheduiganshetujinxingfuliyejifenbianhuandefangfalaicedingheyanjiuguangpudejishu。yuchuantongdesesanxingguangpuyixiangbi，fuliyebianhuanguangpuyinengtongshiceliang、記錄所有波長的信號，並以更高的效率采集來自光源的輻射能量，具有更高的波長精度
、分fen辨bian率lv和he信xin噪zao比bi。但dan由you於yu幹gan涉she儀yi中zhong動dong鏡jing的de存cun在zai，儀yi器qi的de在zai線xian長chang久jiu可ke靠kao性xing受shou到dao一yi定ding的de限xian製zhi，另ling外wai對dui儀yi器qi的de使shi用yong和he放fang置zhi環huan境jing也ye有you較jiao高gao的de要yao求qiu。

聲光可調濾光器（Acousto-optic Tunable Filter，縮寫為AOTF）是利用超聲波與特定的晶體作用而產生分光的光電器件。用AOTF作為分光係統，被認為是90年nian代dai近jin紅hong外wai光guang譜pu儀yi器qi最zui突tu出chu的de進jin展zhan。與yu傳chuan統tong的de單dan色se器qi相xiang比bi，采cai用yong聲sheng光guang調tiao製zhi產chan生sheng單dan色se光guang，即ji通tong過guo超chao聲sheng射she頻pin的de變bian化hua實shi現xian光guang譜pu掃sao描miao。光guang學xue係xi統tong無wu移yi動dong部bu件jian，波bo長chang切qie換huan快kuai、重(zhong)現(xian)性(xing)好(hao)
，程(cheng)序(xu)化(hua)的(de)波(bo)長(chang)控(kong)製(zhi)使(shi)這(zhe)類(lei)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)具(ju)有(you)更(geng)大(da)的(de)靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)。聲(sheng)光(guang)可(ke)調(tiao)濾(lv)光(guang)器(qi)近(jin)紅(hong)外(wai)光(guang)譜(pu)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)這(zhe)些(xie)優(you)點(dian)使(shi)其(qi)近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)在(zai)線(xian)中(zhong)得(de)到(dao)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。但(dan)目(mu)前(qian)這(zhe)類(lei)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)低(di)，價(jia)格(ge)也(ye)較(jiao)高(gao)。

為了能直觀地對幾種不同類型的近紅外光譜儀器的特點和性能進行了解，以下表2作出了簡要的總結。

表  各種類型近紅外光譜分析儀器特點與性能比較