zuijin,youxingtaishibushaonongminfanyingduanduanjitianzhinei,zhengkuaimaitianmaimiaoyoulvsebiankubai,zhengzhuangyuhongzhizhuweihaixiangsi,danmaitianfaxiandehaichongyuchangjianhongzhizhuyoumingxianbutong,tixingbiyibanhongzhizhuda,wangnianyecongmeiyouchuxianguozhezhongqingkuang。麥苗受害後,部分農戶已噴施了農藥,但效果不理想。經我們實地調查,確定危害小麥的害蟲為麥蜘蛛,但屬於麥圓蜘蛛,而不是常見的麥長腿蜘蛛。部分麥田蟲口密度大,危害嚴重。
小麥紅蜘蛛是麥田常發性害蟲,主要種類有兩種,即麥長腿蜘蛛和麥圓蜘蛛,俗稱“火龍”,以其刺吸式口器刺吸小麥葉片汁液進行為害,受害小麥葉片出現針刺狀白斑,嚴重時整個葉片灰白,逐漸變黃、枯萎、死亡,造成小麥減產。兩種麥蜘蛛生活習性有很大差別,麥長腿蜘蛛最適宜繁殖氣溫為15℃~20℃,此蟲喜幹旱,春季幹旱少雨,氣候幹燥時,發生重。麥長腿蜘蛛一般在上午8點到下午6點在麥株上活動,以下午3~4點數量最大,冬季遇溫暖天氣,越冬成蟲仍可出來活動。而麥圓蜘蛛則喜陰,怕強光,其生育適溫8℃~15℃,一日內活動為害時間為早晨6~8點和晚上6~10點。氣溫超過20℃以上時大量死亡。相對濕度70%以上,表土含水量20%左(zuo)右(you),最(zui)適(shi)其(qi)繁(fan)殖(zhi)危(wei)害(hai),因(yin)此(ci)多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)於(yu)低(di)濕(shi)地(di),幹(gan)旱(han)麥(mai)田(tian)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)輕(qing)。鑒(jian)於(yu)兩(liang)種(zhong)麥(mai)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)各(ge)自(zi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)習(xi)性(xing),而(er)我(wo)省(sheng)常(chang)年(nian)小(xiao)麥(mai)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)較(jiao)少(shao),故(gu)一(yi)般(ban)麥(mai)圓(yuan)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)輕(qing),麥(mai)長(chang)腿(tui)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)重(zhong)。但(dan)今(jin)年(nian)由(you)於(yu)11月9~12riwoshengzaoyutedabaoxue,maitianjixuefugaishijianjiaochang,maitianbiaotucengchangshijianbaochizaijiaogaodeshuifenzhuangkuang,zheweimaiyuanzhizhudedaliangfanzhichuangzaoleshiyidetiaojian。yiwangchongkoujishujiaoduodemaitian,jinnianjibiaoxianchuleyanzhongdeweihai。
youyumaiyuanzhizhujiaopaguang,zaochenhebangwanjiyintianyepianshangjiaoduo,suoyixuduonongminweizaixiguancha,bunengjishifaxian,daozhimaimiaoshouhai,maiyuanzhizhunaihanxingqiang,dongjiyuwennuanqinglangtianqi,rengkepazhimaiyeshangweihai,yinciyingjishijinxingguanchayufangzhi。youyuduoshunongyaodeyaoxiaoshouwenduyingxiangjiaoda,guqiwendishiyaoxiaofangzhixiaoguobulixiang。yinci,dongjichuzhimaiyuanzhizhuyaoxuanzeyaoxiaoduiwendujiaobumingandeyaoji。muqiansuiqiwenxiajiang,maiyuanzhizhuyijingparutufengzhong,zanshitingzhiweihai。yingdaiqiwenhuinuanmaiyuanzhizhuchulaihuodongshijishiyongyao。
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