仙人掌類植物用無性繁殖和有性繁殖均可。但當需要大量繁殖或想培育新的仙人掌品種時,必須采用有性繁殖,即種子繁殖。
一、rengongshoufen。zhangleizhiwuzhongzihuashoujingdezhongleihenshao。dabufenweiyihuashoufen,xurengongshoufencainengjiezi,qizhonggengduodezhongleixuyaotongzhongyizhushoufen。yincizhishaoxuzhunbeiliangzhutongyangzhongleizhizhu。shoufenxuzaixiongruihuayaokailie、花粉成熟、雌ci蕊rui柱zhu頭tou充chong分fen分fen泌mi粘zhan液ye時shi進jin行xing。然ran而er,不bu同tong的de種zhong類lei雌ci雄xiong蕊rui成cheng熟shu時shi間jian不bu一yi定ding相xiang同tong。如ru果guo母mu本ben開kai花hua遲chi於yu父fu本ben,可ke先xian將jiang父fu本ben放fang於yu陰yin涼liang處chu,使shi其qi晚wan開kai花hua,也ye可ke將jiang父fu本ben的de花hua粉fen采cai集ji後hou置zhi放fang於yu冷leng涼liang幹gan燥zao處chu。待dai到dao母mu本ben雌ci蕊rui成cheng熟shu時shi再zai取qu出chu授shou粉fen。大da多duo數shu種zhong類lei在zai開kai花hua的de第di二er天tian午wu後hou1-2xiaoshishoufenchenggonglvzuigao。yongganjingmaobizhanquhuafenqingtuyumubenzhutoushanghuoyongxiniezijiaquhuafenfangyuzhutoushang。ruyutianqikure,shiduguoda,huashangyoushui,zeshoujinglvbugao。
二、jianchuhuaban。shoufenzhihouruguozifangzhujianpengda,zeyushizheshoufenchenggong,cishikejianggankudehuabanjianqu,yifangmeilan。zhizhuyingbimianyulinheshuichong,bingjiaqiangfeishuiguanli。
三、及時采種。仙人掌類果實一般50-60tianchengshu,youxiezhongleiweijiangguo,chengshushiyizaoniaoleidengxiaodongwuzhuoshi,yingyongwangzhaobaohuguoshi。youxieguoshiguopiyikailie,yaozhuyijishicaishou。caishoudejiangguoyingbodiaoguorou,jiangzhongzixijing,zailvganshuifen。suodezhongziyaozhuangruzhidai,fangyuganzaolengliangchu,bingzhumingzhongzimingchengjicaishouriqi。
四、消毒浸種。播種用土應是經過消毒的河沙或混沙腐葉土,必須用鍋炒或蒸消毒,不能用藥劑消毒。播種前,將盆土用浸盆法潤濕,再用1%福爾馬林或2.5%硫酸銅液浸種15分鍾,取出清洗後即可播種。小粒種子可混沙均勻撒播於土麵,不必覆土。大粒種子可按5毫米×5毫米的株行距點播。
五、shiqibozhong。zhongzifanzhixianrenzhangdezuijiashiqishizhouyewenchajiaodadechunjiheqiuji。wenchadabujinketigaochumiaolv,haikeshiyoumiaojiakuaishengchang。yingbimianyinyutianbozhong,yixuanzeqinghaotianqi。ruozaiwenshinei,sijijunkejinxingzhongzifanzhi。
六、播後精管。播後應用玻璃板蓋於花盆上,每日必須定時露出一條縫以透氣。一般仙人掌種類在15天(tian)之(zhi)內(nei)可(ke)發(fa)芽(ya)。發(fa)芽(ya)後(hou),應(ying)仔(zai)細(xi)觀(guan)察(cha)盆(pen)內(nei)幹(gan)濕(shi)情(qing)況(kuang),保(bao)持(chi)盆(pen)土(tu)表(biao)麵(mian)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)潮(chao)濕(shi)。幼(you)苗(miao)必(bi)須(xu)控(kong)製(zhi)光(guang)照(zhao),可(ke)將(jiang)打(da)孔(kong)白(bai)紙(zhi)蓋(gai)在(zai)玻(bo)璃(li)上(shang)。隨(sui)著(zhe)小(xiao)苗(miao)的(de)長(chang)大(da)更(geng)換(huan)白(bai)紙(zhi),使(shi)小(xiao)孔(kong)相(xiang)應(ying)增(zeng)大(da)、增多,以利光照。仙人掌的苗期管理應在溫度、濕度、水分、光照、通tong風feng上shang嚴yan格ge把ba關guan。春chun秋qiu生sheng長chang旺wang季ji,要yao保bao持chi較jiao大da晝zhou夜ye溫wen差cha,並bing適shi時shi適shi量liang地di給gei小xiao苗miao以yi光guang照zhao。夏xia季ji要yao加jia強qiang通tong風feng,降jiang低di溫wen度du。冬dong季ji應ying放fang在zai室shi內nei暖nuan和he處chu,並bing適shi當dang增zeng加jia光guang照zhao,但dan不bu可ke過guo量liang。澆jiao水shui應ying以yi浸jin盆pen法fa為wei主zhu,盆pen麵mian濕shi潤run即ji可ke。
七、防治病蟲。仙人掌苗期易遭病蟲危害,應及時清除雜草,定期噴藥(每20天噴1次),定期疏鬆土壤。一旦發現紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲、介殼蟲等蟲害,要及時捕捉或用80%敵敵畏1500倍液噴殺或50%西維因500-700倍液噴殺,每隔7-10天噴1次。仙人掌的病害主要有金黃斑點病、凹斑病及赤腐病等,可定期用75%百菌清(或含量50%多菌靈)800倍液或70%甲基托布津600倍液噴霧預防。小苗每半年移植1次,有利於發根和生長。
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