大豆種子儲存的技術要點
(1)充沛枯燥
充沛枯燥是大多數農作物種子安全儲藏的要害,對大豆來說,更為重要。通常請求長時間安全儲藏的大豆水分必須在12%以下,如超越13%,就jiu有you黴mei變bian的de風feng險xian。大da豆dou枯ku燥zao以yi帶dai莢jia為wei宜yi,首shou要yao要yao注zhu意yi當dang令ling收shou成cheng,通tong常chang應ying等deng到dao豆dou葉ye枯ku黃huang掉diao落luo,搖yao動dong豆dou莢jia時shi相xiang互hu碰peng撞zhuang宣xuan布bu響xiang聲sheng時shi收shou割ge為wei宜yi。收shou割ge後hou攤tan在zai曬shai場chang上shang鋪pu曬shai2—3d,莢jia殼ke幹gan透tou有you有you些xie爆bao裂lie,再zai行xing脫tuo粒li,這zhe樣yang可ke避bi免mian種zhong皮pi發fa作zuo裂lie紋wen和he舒shu展zhan表biao象xiang。大da豆dou入ru庫ku後hou,如ru水shui分fen過guo高gao仍reng須xu進jin一yi步bu曝pu曬shai,據ju原yuan糧liang食shi部bu科ke學xue研yan究jiu設she計ji院yuan實shi驗yan:大豆經陽光曝曬對出油率並無影響,但陽光過分激烈,易使子葉成為深黃脫皮乃至發作橫斷等表象。在曝曬過程中,以不超越44~46℃為宜,而在較低溫度下暴曬,更為安全保險;晾幹今後,應先攤開冷卻,再分批入庫。
(2)低溫密閉大豆因為導熱性不良
zaigaowenqingkuangxiayouyidaozhihongbian,suoyiyingdangcainadiwenmibidechuzangfangfa。tongchangkechenhandongshijie,jiangdadouzhuancanghuochucanglengdong,shizhongwenchongpeijiangdihou,zaijincangmibichuzang,zuijiawaibiaojiayicengyagaiwu。jiayangaideheweijiayangaidexiangbizhao,zaizhongziduibiaocengdeshuifenyaodi,zhongwenyedi,bingqiejianchiyuanyoudezhengchangsezeheyouliangpinzhi。youtiaojiandedangdijiangzhongzicunrendiwenku、準低溫庫、地下庫等效果更佳,但地下庫一定要做好防潮去濕作業。儲藏大豆對低溫的靈敏程度較差,因此很少發作低溫凍害。
(3)及時倒倉過風散濕
新(xin)收(shou)成(cheng)的(de)大(da)豆(dou)正(zheng)值(zhi)秋(qiu)末(mo)冬(dong)初(chu)時(shi)節(jie),氣(qi)溫(wen)逐(zhu)漸(jian)降(jiang)低(di),大(da)豆(dou)入(ru)庫(ku)後(hou),還(hai)需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)後(hou)熟(shu)效(xiao)果(guo),放(fang)出(chu)很(hen)多(duo)的(de)濕(shi)熱(re),如(ru)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)發(fa)出(chu),就(jiu)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)發(fa)熱(re)黴(mei)變(bian)。為(wei)了(le)到(dao)達(da)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)安(an)全(quan)儲(chu)藏(zang)的(de)請(qing)求(qiu),大(da)豆(dou)入(ru)庫(ku)3~4周擺布,應及時進行倒倉過風散濕,並結合過篩除雜,以避免出汗發熱、黴變、紅hong變bian等deng異yi常chang情qing況kuang的de發fa作zuo。依yi據ju實shi踐jian經jing驗yan,大da豆dou在zai儲chu藏zang過guo程cheng中zhong,進jin行xing恰qia當dang通tong風feng很hen有you必bi要yao。儲chu藏zang在zai缸gang壇tan中zhong的de大da豆dou,因yin為wei長chang時shi間jian密mi閉bi,其qi發fa芽ya率lv還hai比bi倉cang庫ku內nei儲chu藏zang的de為wei差cha。恰qia當dang通tong風feng不bu隻zhi能neng夠gou堅jian持chi大da豆dou的de發fa芽ya率lv,還hai能neng起qi到dao散san濕shi效xiao果guo,使shi大da豆dou水shui分fen降jiang低di;因大豆在較低的相對濕度下,其平衡水分較通常種子為低。
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