水shui稻dao反fan常chang現xian象xiang是shi由you於yu品pin種zhong選xuan用yong不bu當dang或huo是shi在zai水shui稻dao生sheng長chang發fa育yu過guo程cheng中zhong，受shou某mou些xie不bu利li因yin素su的de影ying響xiang
，出chu現xian了le與yu栽zai培pei目mu標biao正zheng常chang生sheng長chang不bu相xiang符fu的de現xian象xiang，嚴yan重zhong的de影ying響xiang了le水shui稻dao的de產chan量liang與yu質zhi量liang。主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei倒dao伏fu
、早衰、貪青等。

　　1、倒伏

　　倒伏是水稻生產中發生較多的一種現象，倒伏越早，傾倒角度越大，對產量影響就越嚴重。

　　產生原因：倒dao伏fu即ji分fen為wei根gen倒dao和he莖jing倒dao。根gen倒dao是shi由you於yu水shui稻dao植zhi株zhu常chang期qi處chu於yu深shen水shui中zhong，根gen係xi發fa育yu不bu良liang，發fa根gen較jiao少shao
，紮zha根gen淺qian，根gen部bu支zhi持chi力li差cha
，稍shao受shou風feng雨yu侵qin襲xi，就jiu易yi發fa生sheng平ping地di倒dao伏fu。另ling一yi個ge是shi莖jing倒dao，由you於yu莖jing稈gan基ji部bu細xi胞bao纖xian維wei素su含han量liang少shao，細xi胞bao壁bi變bian薄bo
，細xi胞bao間jian隙xi大da，組zu織zhi結jie構gou鬆song軟ruan，莖jing稈gan不bu壯zhuang，負fu擔dan不bu起qi上shang部bu的de重zhong量liang，發fa生sheng不bu同tong程cheng度du的de倒dao伏fu。從cong栽zai培pei管guan理li角jiao度du分fen析xi產chan生sheng倒dao伏fu的de原yuan因yin，主zhu要yao是shi耕geng層ceng淺qian，灌guan水shui過guo深shen，插cha植zhi過guo密mi，根gen係xi生sheng長chang發fa育yu不bu良liang，群qun體ti通tong風feng透tou光guang條tiao件jian不bu好hao。另ling一yi個ge是shi肥fei水shui管guan理li不bu當dang，片pian麵mian重zhong施shi氮dan肥fei，分fen蘖nie期qi生sheng育yu過guo旺wang，拔ba節jie長chang穗sui期qi葉ye麵mian積ji大da封feng行xing過guo早zao，造zao成cheng莖jing稈gan基ji部bu節jie間jian徒tu長chang。

　　預防措施：kexueguanshui，yaogenjushuidaogeshengchangfayuqiduishuifenxuqiudebutong，shixingqianshuichayang

，cunshuifennie，fenniemoqishai。zaibaozhengshuifenxuqiudeqiantixia
，yeyaoshiturangneiyouzugoudeyangqihanliang

，cushigenxishengchangqiangda。helixizhi

，baozhengdixiayouzugoudeyingyangmianji，dishangyouyidingdekongjian，liyutongfengtouguang。helishifei，buyaopianshidanfei，zengshilinjiafei
，shijingganchongshiqiangzhuang，kongzhijibujiejianshenchang，congerzengqiangkangdaofudenengli。

　　2、早衰

　　zaoshuaishizhishuidaoshengyuhouqiyejingdengbuweideshenglijinengguozaochuxianshuaituixianxiang，xueruolegongnengyepiandeguangheliang，jianshaoleguanjiangwuzhilaiyuan
，shizaochengbilidezhuyaoyuanyinzhiyi。

　　產生原因：youbufenzhizhuchuxianzaoshuaixianxiangshiyinweiqianqishengchangguowang

，daoshengchanghouqishiquntiyugetijiandemaodunjiaju
，jiasulegenyeshuaiwangsudu。lingyigeshiyouyuhouqifeishuiguanlibudang
，duanshuiguozao，dan、磷(lin)肥(fei)供(gong)應(ying)不(bu)足(zu)，使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)營(ying)養(yang)體(ti)生(sheng)長(chang)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)養(yang)分(fen)補(bu)充(chong)。還(hai)有(you)的(de)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)通(tong)透(tou)性(xing)差(cha)
，缺(que)氧(yang)和(he)有(you)毒(du)的(de)還(hai)原(yuan)物(wu)質(zhi)多(duo)，使(shi)水(shui)稻(dao)後(hou)期(qi)根(gen)係(xi)發(fa)育(yu)不(bu)良(liang)，減(jian)弱(ruo)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)能(neng)力(li)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)地(di)上(shang)部(bu)生(sheng)長(chang)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)。

　　預防措施：科(ke)學(xue)管(guan)水(shui)，以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)溫(wen)為(wei)主(zhu)
，齊(qi)穗(sui)後(hou)到(dao)灌(guan)漿(jiang)期(qi)
，要(yao)淺(qian)水(shui)勤(qin)灌(guan)，增(zeng)溫(wen)促(cu)熟(shu)。乳(ru)熟(shu)到(dao)黃(huang)熟(shu)要(yao)間(jian)歇(xie)灌(guan)水(shui)，增(zeng)加(jia)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)通(tong)氣(qi)性(xing)，增(zeng)強(qiang)根(gen)係(xi)的(de)活(huo)力(li)

，養(yang)根(gen)保(bao)葉(ye)。合(he)理(li)施(shi)肥(fei)，因(yin)進(jin)入(ru)後(hou)期(qi)

，葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)生(sheng)理(li)機(ji)能(neng)減(jian)弱(ruo)，要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)中(zhong)期(qi)脫(tuo)肥(fei)。後(hou)期(qi)要(yao)巧(qiao)施(shi)粒(li)肥(fei)
，可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)能(neng)力(li)。

　　3
、貪青

　　shuidaoshengyuhouqiyepianzhizaodeyoujiyangfenzhiliuzaiyingyangtibuwei，chengxianmingxianlianqing。tebieshiguanjiangqijianyepiandengyingyangqiguandeyingyangwuzhixiangsuibuzhuanyunman，daozhiqianlizhongxiajiang
，kongbilvzengjia。

　　產生原因：由低溫、冷leng害hai及ji土tu壤rang幹gan旱han等deng因yin素su的de影ying響xiang
，導dao致zhi正zheng常chang生sheng長chang發fa育yu受shou到dao阻zu礙ai，生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang推tui遲chi
，營ying養yang物wu質zhi不bu能neng按an時shi向xiang生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang方fang麵mian運yun轉zhuan。光guang合he作zuo用yong強qiang度du和he光guang照zhao時shi間jian不bu夠gou
，也ye加jia重zhong貪tan青qing程cheng度du。氮dan肥fei用yong量liang過guo多duo或huo施shi用yong時shi間jian偏pian遲chi，營ying養yang體ti後hou期qi生sheng長chang過guo旺wang，也ye易yi出chu現xian貪tan青qing現xian象xiang。在zai單dan位wei麵mian積ji上shang栽zai植zhi苗miao數shu過guo多duo，通tong風feng透tou光guang條tiao件jian不bu好hao而er導dao致zhi莖jing葉ye過guo於yu繁fan茂mao的de
，也ye易yi於yu產chan生sheng貪tan青qing症zheng狀zhuang。

　　預防措施：科(ke)學(xue)灌(guan)水(shui)
，防(fang)止(zhi)幹(gan)旱(han)。合(he)理(li)密(mi)植(zhi)

，避(bi)免(mian)插(cha)植(zhi)過(guo)密(mi)，影(ying)響(xiang)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)，導(dao)致(zhi)植(zhi)株(zhu)徒(tu)長(chang)。氮(dan)肥(fei)要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)用(yong)量(liang)適(shi)時(shi)供(gong)給(gei)，不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)多(duo)，防(fang)止(zhi)因(yin)植(zhi)株(zhu)營(ying)養(yang)體(ti)生(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)旺(wang)，而(er)出(chu)現(xian)貪(tan)青(qing)現(xian)象(xiang)。