當(dang)前(qian)無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)秋(qiu)延(yan)遲(chi)還(hai)是(shi)越(yue)冬(dong)茬(cha)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)大(da)棚(peng)都(dou)已(yi)陸(lu)續(xu)換(huan)上(shang)了(le)新(xin)薄(bo)膜(mo),而(er)由(you)於(yu)之(zhi)前(qian)的(de)大(da)棚(peng)是(shi)覆(fu)蓋(gai)著(zhe)舊(jiu)薄(bo)膜(mo)或(huo)是(shi)並(bing)未(wei)覆(fu)蓋(gai)薄(bo)膜(mo),換(huan)膜(mo)後(hou)棚(peng)內(nei)通(tong)氣(qi)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、溫度、光照、植株的長勢等勢必會有明顯變化。對此記者建議,當前棚室蔬菜換膜後要注意以下幾點:
首先,通氣狀況發生了變化,因此換膜後注意防氣害。當前,很多菜農使用的糞肥大都腐熟不充分,在土壤中繼續腐熟時會產生氨氣、二氧化硫、硫(liu)化(hua)氫(qing)等(deng)有(you)毒(du)氣(qi)體(ti)。更(geng)換(huan)新(xin)膜(mo)後(hou)棚(peng)室(shi)密(mi)閉(bi)性(xing)更(geng)好(hao),若(ruo)此(ci)時(shi)不(bu)注(zhu)意(yi)通(tong)風(feng),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)夜(ye)間(jian)關(guan)閉(bi)風(feng)口(kou)後(hou),容(rong)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)氣(qi)害(hai)。因(yin)此(ci),更(geng)換(huan)新(xin)膜(mo)後(hou)要(yao)注(zhu)重(zhong)查(zha)看(kan)棚(peng)內(nei)情(qing)況(kuang),如(ru)果(guo)發(fa)生(sheng)氣(qi)害(hai),應(ying)立(li)刻(ke)妥(tuo)善(shan)處(chu)理(li),可(ke)葉(ye)麵(mian)噴(pen)灑(sa)含(han)有(you)甲(jia)殼(ke)素(su)成(cheng)分(fen)的(de)葉(ye)麵(mian)肥(fei)或(huo)愛(ai)多(duo)收(shou)進(jin)行(xing)緩(huan)解(jie)。
其(qi)次(ci),溫(wen)度(du)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)變(bian)化(hua),因(yin)此(ci)換(huan)膜(mo)後(hou)要(yao)控(kong)製(zhi)好(hao)溫(wen)度(du)和(he)濕(shi)度(du)。換(huan)膜(mo)後(hou)的(de)一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)容(rong)易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)過(guo)小(xiao),而(er)此(ci)時(shi)若(ruo)棚(peng)內(nei)通(tong)風(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)不(bu)力(li),蔬(shu)菜(cai)極(ji)易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)旺(wang)長(chang)現(xian)象(xiang),最(zui)終(zhong)導(dao)致(zhi)坐(zuo)果(guo)率(lv)低(di)。因(yin)此(ci),對(dui)於(yu)當(dang)前(qian)蔬(shu)菜(cai)來(lai)說(shuo),首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)調(tiao)節(jie)工(gong)作(zuo),如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)中(zhong)午(wu)前(qian)後(hou)加(jia)大(da)通(tong)風(feng),早(zao)晚(wan)適(shi)時(shi)放(fang)風(feng)等(deng)。一(yi)般(ban)白(bai)天(tian)應(ying)將(jiang)溫(wen)度(du)控(kong)製(zhi)在(zai)30℃,夜間應控製在15℃,溫差控製在10℃左右,避免溫度過高、溫wen差cha過guo小xiao。同tong時shi,濕shi度du大da,澆jiao水shui充chong足zu,土tu壤rang含han水shui量liang較jiao大da的de情qing況kuang下xia,能neng增zeng加jia莖jing葉ye的de生sheng長chang速su度du。因yin此ci,蔬shu菜cai澆jiao水shui一yi定ding要yao做zuo到dao科ke學xue合he理li,注zhu意yi澆jiao小xiao水shui,切qie忌ji大da水shui漫man灌guan,以yi免mian造zao成cheng土tu壤rang濕shi度du過guo大da,出chu現xian徒tu長chang現xian象xiang。
另ling外wai,換huan膜mo後hou植zhi株zhu長chang勢shi加jia快kuai,因yin此ci及ji早zao整zheng枝zhi吊diao蔓man,提ti高gao植zhi株zhu間jian的de透tou氣qi性xing。換huan膜mo後hou,蔬shu菜cai的de生sheng長chang速su度du加jia快kuai,而er整zheng枝zhi不bu及ji時shi會hui造zao成cheng棚peng室shi內nei蔬shu菜cai莖jing蔓man滿man地di爬pa的de混hun亂luan現xian象xiang,給gei以yi後hou的de管guan理li造zao成cheng障zhang礙ai,而er且qie植zhi株zhu相xiang互hu遮zhe陰yin,易yi造zao成cheng田tian間jian鬱yu閉bi。而er且qie莖jing蔓man也ye易yi產chan生sheng不bu定ding根gen,進jin一yi步bu感gan染ran土tu傳chuan病bing害hai。同tong時shi下xia部bu葉ye片pian易yi老lao化hua、黃化和腐爛,因此建議及早整枝吊蔓。一般蔬菜整枝完成以後,普施一次保護劑,可噴施嘧菌酯混加農用鏈黴素或寧南黴素,確保真菌、細菌、病毒病害同時兼防。
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