茄子黃萎病俗稱半邊瘋、黑hei心xin病bing,是shi茄qie子zi保bao護hu地di生sheng產chan栽zai培pei中zhong的de高gao發fa病bing害hai,如ru果guo病bing害hai發fa生sheng,治zhi療liao不bu及ji時shi,常chang造zao成cheng大da麵mian積ji死si苗miao,給gei生sheng產chan造zao成cheng很hen大da損sun失shi。現xian就jiu該gai病bing的de識shi別bie和he防fang治zhi介jie紹shao如ru下xia。
l、危wei害hai特te征zheng。該gai病bing多duo在zai門men茄qie坐zuo住zhu後hou開kai始shi發fa病bing。葉ye片pian受shou害hai最zui初chu從cong植zhi株zhu下xia部bu葉ye片pian感gan病bing,葉ye片pian葉ye脈mai和he近jin葉ye柄bing葉ye緣yuan發fa黃huang,葉ye緣yuan向xiang上shang微wei卷juan,病bing斑ban常chang出chu現xian在zai葉ye片pian半ban邊bian,引yin起qi葉ye片pian扭niu曲qu,造zao成cheng葉ye片pian光guang合he作zuo用yong無wu法fa正zheng常chang進jin行xing。嚴yan重zhong時shi整zheng株zhu葉ye片pian發fa黃huang萎wei蔫nian,直zhi到dao枯ku死si脫tuo落luo。病bing株zhu表biao現xian出chu矮ai小xiao、枝葉不舒展的症狀,病果多小而彎曲。
2.發生原因。該病由半知菌亞門輪枝孢菌(真菌)侵(qin)染(ran)所(suo)致(zhi)。病(bing)菌(jun)多(duo)附(fu)生(sheng)在(zai)病(bing)葉(ye)病(bing)株(zhu)殘(can)體(ti)上(shang)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong),隨(sui)大(da)田(tian)施(shi)肥(fei)灌(guan)水(shui)等(deng)傳(chuan)播(bo),每(mei)年(nian)危(wei)害(hai)一(yi)次(ci)。病(bing)菌(jun)侵(qin)染(ran)多(duo)從(cong)定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)根(gen)部(bu)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)傷(shang)口(kou)入(ru)侵(qin)。低(di)溫(wen)(日平均氣溫15℃以下)高濕環境,重茬地塊,底肥不足田塊均易感病。
3、防治措施。(1)輪lun作zuo倒dao茬cha,重zhong視shi基ji肥fei,提ti高gao栽zai培pei土tu壤rang肥fei力li。茄qie子zi栽zai植zhi應ying與yu非fei茄qie科ke類lei蔬shu菜cai實shi行xing四si年nian以yi上shang輪lun作zuo,並bing增zeng施shi優you質zhi腐fu熟shu有you機ji肥fei和he複fu合he肥fei。注zhu意yi平ping衡heng施shi肥fei。(2)藥劑浸(拌)種。在進行種子催芽處理過程中,可用50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑500倍液浸種2小時,也可於播種時用藥劑處理苗床。(3)勤檢查,發現病株,及時拔除並集中棚外焚燒或深埋。(4)藥劑處理,定植緩苗後用50%甲托可濕性粉劑400倍液灌根,每株用藥0.3公斤,每10天灌藥液一次,連續用藥2-3次。
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